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author | Sergey Poznyakoff <gray@gnu.org.ua> | 2004-12-21 08:55:16 +0000 |
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committer | Sergey Poznyakoff <gray@gnu.org.ua> | 2004-12-21 08:55:16 +0000 |
commit | 1b353e26d1297d2dbf9e340c094cf25c9a2e7249 (patch) | |
tree | 72c5deab94ebee527b9b7d66ce0d23d83251aa36 /doc | |
parent | 14e2f9fa34011804421997c7a47d16d7f1e504ca (diff) | |
download | cpio-1b353e26d1297d2dbf9e340c094cf25c9a2e7249.tar.gz cpio-1b353e26d1297d2dbf9e340c094cf25c9a2e7249.tar.bz2 |
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diff --git a/doc/cpio.info b/doc/cpio.info deleted file mode 100644 index 19a75f4..0000000 --- a/doc/cpio.info +++ /dev/null @@ -1,493 +0,0 @@ -This is cpio.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.6 from cpio.texi. - -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* cpio: (cpio). Making tape (or disk) archives. -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - This file documents GNU cpio 2.5. - - Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this -manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are -preserved on all copies. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of -this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that -the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a -permission notice identical to this one. - - Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this -manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified -versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a -translation approved by the Foundation. - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) - - - -GNU cpio is a tool for creating and extracting archives, or copying -files from one place to another. It handles a number of cpio formats as -well as reading and writing tar files. This is the first edition of the -GNU cpio documentation and is consistant with GNU cpio 2.5. - -* Menu: - -* Introduction:: -* Tutorial:: Getting started. -* Invoking `cpio':: How to invoke `cpio'. -* Media:: Using tapes and other archive media. -* Concept Index:: Concept index. - - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- - -Invoking cpio - -* Copy-out mode:: -* Copy-in mode:: -* Copy-pass mode:: -* Options:: - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Tutorial, Prev: Top, Up: Top - -Introduction -************ - -GNU cpio copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, The archive -can be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. - - GNU cpio supports the following archive formats: binary, old ASCII, -new ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old tar, and POSIX.1 tar. -The tar format is provided for compatability with the tar program. By -default, cpio creates binary format archives, for compatibility with -older cpio programs. When extracting from archives, cpio automatically -recognizes which kind of archive it is reading and can read archives -created on machines with a different byte-order. - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Tutorial, Next: Invoking `cpio', Prev: Introduction, Up: Top - -Tutorial -******** - -GNU cpio performs three primary functions. Copying files to an -archive, Extracting files from an archive, and passing files to another -directory tree. An archive can be a file on disk, one or more floppy -disks, or one or more tapes. - - When creating an archive, cpio takes the list of files to be -processed from the standard input, and then sends the archive to the -standard output, or to the device defined by the `-F' option. *Note -Copy-out mode::. Usually find or ls is used to provide this list to -the standard input. In the following example you can see the -possibilities for archiving the contents of a single directory. - - % ls | cpio -ov > directory.cpio - - The `-o' option creates the archive, and the `-v' option prints the -names of the files archived as they are added. Notice that the options -can be put together after a single `-' or can be placed separately on -the command line. The `>' redirects the cpio output to the file -`directory.cpio'. - - If you wanted to archive an entire directory tree, the find command -can provide the file list to cpio: - - % find . -print -depth | cpio -ov > tree.cpio - - This will take all the files in the current directory, the -directories below and place them in the archive tree.cpio. Again the -`-o' creates an archive, and the `-v' option shows you the name of the -files as they are archived. *Note Copy-out mode::. Using the `.' in -the find statement will give you more flexibility when doing restores, -as it will save file names with a relative path vice a hard wired, -absolute path. The `-depth' option forces `find' to print of the -entries in a directory before printing the directory itself. This -limits the effects of restrictive directory permissions by printing the -directory entries in a directory before the directory name itself. - - Extracting an archive requires a bit more thought because cpio will -not create directories by default. Another characteristic, is it will -not overwrite existing files unless you tell it to. - - % cpio -iv < directory.cpio - - This will retrieve the files archived in the file directory.cpio and -place them in the present directory. The `-i' option extracts the -archive and the `-v' shows the file names as they are extracted. If -you are dealing with an archived directory tree, you need to use the -`-d' option to create directories as necessary, something like: - - % cpio -idv < tree.cpio - - This will take the contents of the archive tree.cpio and extract it -to the current directory. If you try to extract the files on top of -files of the same name that already exist (and have the same or later -modification time) cpio will not extract the file unless told to do so -by the -u option. *Note Copy-in mode::. - - In copy-pass mode, cpio copies files from one directory tree to -another, combining the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually -using an archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the standard -input; the directory into which it will copy them is given as a -non-option argument. *Note Copy-pass mode::. - - % find . -depth -print0 | cpio --null -pvd new-dir - - The example shows copying the files of the present directory, and -sub-directories to a new directory called new-dir. Some new options are -the `-print0' available with GNU find, combined with the `--null' -option of cpio. These two options act together to send file names -between find and cpio, even if special characters are embedded in the -file names. Another is `-p', which tells cpio to pass the files it -finds to the directory `new-dir'. - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Invoking `cpio', Next: Media, Prev: Tutorial, Up: Top - -Invoking cpio -************* - -* Menu: - -* Copy-out mode:: -* Copy-in mode:: -* Copy-pass mode:: -* Options:: - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Copy-out mode, Next: Copy-in mode, Prev: Invoking `cpio', Up: Invoking `cpio' - -Copy-out mode -============= - -In copy-out mode, cpio copies files into an archive. It reads a list -of filenames, one per line, on the standard input, and writes the -archive onto the standard output. A typical way to generate the list -of filenames is with the find command; you should give find the -depth -option to minimize problems with permissions on directories that are -unreadable. *Note Options::. - - cpio {-o|--create} [-0acvABLV] [-C bytes] [-H format] - [-M message] [-O [[user@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@]host:]archive] - [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] [--format=format] - [--message=message][--null] [--reset-access-time] [--verbose] - [--dot] [--append] [--block-size=blocks] [--dereference] - [--io-size=bytes] [--rsh-command=command] [--help] [--version] - < name-list [> archive] - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Copy-in mode, Next: Copy-pass mode, Prev: Copy-out mode, Up: Invoking `cpio' - -Copy-in mode -============ - -In copy-in mode, cpio copies files out of an archive or lists the -archive contents. It reads the archive from the standard input. Any -non-option command line arguments are shell globbing patterns; only -files in the archive whose names match one or more of those patterns are -copied from the archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a -filename does match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a -filename can match wildcards. If no patterns are given, all files are -extracted. *Note Options::. - - cpio {-i|--extract} [-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [-C bytes] [-E file] - [-H format] [-M message] [-R [user][:.][group]] - [-I [[user@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@]host:]archive] - [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] [--make-directories] - [--nonmatching] [--preserve-modification-time] - [--numeric-uid-gid] [--rename] [--list] [--swap-bytes] [--swap] - [--dot] [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--block-size=blocks] - [--swap-halfwords] [--io-size=bytes] [--pattern-file=file] - [--format=format] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] - [--no-preserve-owner] [--message=message] [--help] [--version] - [-no-absolute-filenames] [--sparse] [-only-verify-crc] [-quiet] - [--rsh-command=command] [pattern...] [< archive] - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Copy-pass mode, Next: Options, Prev: Copy-in mode, Up: Invoking `cpio' - -Copy-pass mode -============== - -In copy-pass mode, cpio copies files from one directory tree to -another, combining the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually -using an archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the standard -input; the directory into which it will copy them is given as a -non-option argument. *Note Options::. - - cpio {-p|--pass-through} [-0adlmuvLV] [-R [user][:.][group]] - [--null] [--reset-access-time] [--make-directories] [--link] - [--preserve-modification-time] [--unconditional] [--verbose] - [--dot] [--dereference] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--sparse] - [--no-preserve-owner] [--help] [--version] destination-directory - < name-list - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Options, Prev: Copy-pass mode, Up: Invoking `cpio' - -Options -======= - -`-0, --null' - Read a list of filenames terminated by a null character, instead - of a newline, so that files whose names contain newlines can be - archived. GNU find is one way to produce a list of - null-terminated filenames. This option may be used in copy-out - and copy-pass modes. - -`-a, --reset-access-time' - Reset the access times of files after reading them, so that it - does not look like they have just been read. - -`-A, --append' - Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy-out mode. The - archive must be a disk file specified with the -O or -F (-file) - option. - -`-b, --swap' - Swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords in the data. - Equivalent to -sS. This option may be used in copy-in mode. Use - this option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and - little-endian machines. - -`-B' - Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes. Initially the block size is - 512 bytes. - -`--block-size=BLOCK-SIZE' - Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes. - -`-c' - Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format. - -`-C IO-SIZE, --io-size=IO-SIZE' - Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes. - -`-d, --make-directories' - Create leading directories where needed. - -`-E FILE, --pattern-file=FILE' - Read additional patterns specifying filenames to extract or list - from FILE. The lines of FILE are treated as if they had been - non-option arguments to cpio. This option is used in copy-in mode, - -`-f, --nonmatching' - Only copy files that do not match any of the given patterns. - -`-F, --file=archive' - Archive filename to use instead of standard input or output. To - use a tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename - that starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a - username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, - if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's - `~/.rhosts' file). - -`--force-local' - With -F, -I, or -O, take the archive file name to be a local file - even if it contains a colon, which would ordinarily indicate a - remote host name. - -`-H FORMAT, --format=FORMAT' - Use archive format FORMAT. The valid formats are listed below; - the same names are also recognized in all-caps. The default in - copy-in mode is to automatically detect the archive format, and in - copy-out mode is `bin'. - - `bin' - The obsolete binary format. - - `odc' - The old (POSIX.1) portable format. - - `newc' - The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems - having more than 65536 i-nodes. - - `crc' - The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added. - - `tar' - The old tar format. - - `ustar' - The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU tar archives, - which are similar but not identical. - - `hpbin' - The obsolete binary format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores - device files differently). - - `hpodc' - The portable format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device - files differently). - -`-i, --extract' - Run in copy-in mode. *Note Copy-in mode::. - -`-I archive' - Archive filename to use instead of standard input. To use a tape - drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that - starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a - username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, - if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's - `~/.rhosts' file). - -`-k' - Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of cpio. - -`-l, --link' - Link files instead of copying them, when possible. - -`-L, --dereference' - Copy the file that a symbolic link points to, rather than the - symbolic link itself. - -`-m, --preserve-modification-time' - Retain previous file modification times when creating files. - -`-M MESSAGE, --message=MESSAGE' - Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the backup media (such - as a tape or a floppy disk) is reached, to prompt the user to - insert a new volume. If MESSAGE contains the string "%d", it is - replaced by the current volume number (starting at 1). - -`-n, --numeric-uid-gid' - Show numeric UID and GID instead of translating them into names - when using the `--verbose option'. - -`--no-absolute-filenames' - Create all files relative to the current directory in copy-in - mode, even if they have an absolute file name in the archive. - -`--no-preserve-owner' - Do not change the ownership of the files; leave them owned by the - user extracting them. This is the default for non-root users, so - that users on System V don't inadvertantly give away files. This - option can be used in copy-in mode and copy-pass mode - -`-o, --create' - Run in copy-out mode. *Note Copy-out mode::. - -`-O archive' - Archive filename to use instead of standard output. To use a tape - drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that - starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a - username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, - if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's - `~/.rhosts' file). - -`--only-verify-crc' - Verify the CRC's of each file in the archive, when reading a CRC - format archive. Don't actually extract the files. - -`-p, --pass-through' - Run in copy-pass mode. *Note Copy-pass mode::. - -`--quiet' - Do not print the number of blocks copied. - -`-r, --rename' - Interactively rename files. - -`-R [user][:.][group], --owner [user][:.][group]' - Set the ownership of all files created to the specified user and/or - group in copy-out and copy-pass modes. Either the user, the - group, or both, must be present. If the group is omitted but the - ":" or "." separator is given, use the given user's login group. - Only the super-user can change files' ownership. - -`--rsh-command=COMMAND' - Notifies cpio that is should use COMMAND to communicate with remote - devices. - -`-s, --swap-bytes' - Swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in the files.This - option can be used in copy-in mode. - -`-S, --swap-halfwords' - Swap the halfwords of each word (4 bytes) in the files. This - option may be used in copy-in mode. - -`--sparse' - Write files with large blocks of zeros as sparse files. This - option is used in copy-in and copy-pass modes. - -`-t, --list' - Print a table of contents of the input. - -`-u, --unconditional' - Replace all files, without asking whether to replace existing - newer files with older files. - -`-v, --verbose' - List the files processed, or with `-t', give an `ls -l' style - table of contents listing. In a verbose table of contents of a - ustar archive, user and group names in the archive that do not - exist on the local system are replaced by the names that - correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID stored in the - archive. - -`-V --dot' - Print a `.' for each file processed. - -`--version' - Print the cpio program version number and exit. - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Media, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Invoking `cpio', Up: Top - -Magnetic Media -************** - -Archives are usually written on removable media-tape cartridges, mag -tapes, or floppy disks. - - The amount of data a tape or disk holds depends not only on its size, -but also on how it is formatted. A 2400 foot long reel of mag tape -holds 40 megabytes of data when formated at 1600 bits per inch. The -physically smaller EXABYTE tape cartridge holds 2.3 gigabytes. - - Magnetic media are re-usable-once the archive on a tape is no longer -needed, the archive can be erased and the tape or disk used over. Media -quality does deteriorate with use, however. Most tapes or disks should -be disgarded when they begin to produce data errors. - - Magnetic media are written and erased using magnetic fields, and -should be protected from such fields to avoid damage to stored data. -Sticking a floppy disk to a filing cabinet using a magnet is probably -not a good idea. - - -File: cpio.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Media, Up: Top - -Concept Index -************* - -* Menu: - -* command line options: Invoking `cpio'. -* copying directory structures: Tutorial. -* creating a cpio archive: Tutorial. -* extracting a cpio archive: Tutorial. -* invoking cpio: Invoking `cpio'. -* magnetic media: Media. -* passing directory structures: Tutorial. - - - -Tag Table: -Node: Top938 -Node: Introduction1657 -Node: Tutorial2369 -Node: Invoking `cpio'6038 -Node: Copy-out mode6227 -Node: Copy-in mode7153 -Node: Copy-pass mode8531 -Node: Options9324 -Node: Media16592 -Node: Concept Index17575 - -End Tag Table |