path: root/CIDE.X

<p><-- Begin file 24 of 26:  Letter X (Version 0.46) 
        
           This file is part 24 of the GNU version of
     The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
               Also referred to as GCIDE
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

           This dictionary was derived from the
         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the  C. & G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

                        and from
           WordNet, a semantic network created by
              the Cognitive Science Department
                 of Princeton University
                  under the direction of
                   Prof. George Miller

             and is being updated and supplemented by
         an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
                       around the world.

     This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an 
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
large and freely available knowledge base.  Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
internet.  Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:

     Patrick Cassidy          pc@worldsoul.org
     735 Belvidere Ave.       Office: (908)668-5252
     Plainfield, NJ 07062
     (908) 561-3416

   Last edit January 17, 2002.

 --></p>

<p><centered><point26>X.</point26></centered></p>

<p><hw>X</hw> <pr>(<ecr/ks)</pr>. <def>X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of <xex>ks</xex>), as in <xex>wax</xex>; a compound vocal sound (that of <xex>gz</xex>), as in <xex>example</xex>; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of <it>z</it>), as in <xex>xanthic</xex>.  See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 217, 270, 271.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note> The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek <CHI/, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of <xex>ks</xex>, though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of <xex>k</xex>.</note><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xanth*am"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xanth</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, <chform>C2H5O.CS.NH2</chform>; -- called also <altname>xanthogen amide</altname>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xanthic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of xanthic; a xanthogenate.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan`the*las"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>'e`lasma</grk> a metal plate.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Xanthoma</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <etsep>Xanthus</etsep>, an ancient town on Asia Minor; -- applied especially to certain marbles found near that place, and now in the British Museum.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow: cf. F. <ets>xanthique</ets>.]</ety><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors, green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color; <as>as, <ex>xanthic</ex> acid</as>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthin.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Xanthic acid</b></col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy, astringent, colorless oil, <chform>C2H5O.CS.SH</chform>, having a pungent odor. It is produced by leading carbon disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. So called from the yellow color of many of its salts. Called also <altname>xanthogenic acid</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Xanthic colors</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those colors (of flowers) having some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to <contr>cyanic colors</contr>.  See under <er>Cyanic</er>.</cd></cs><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xantho-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or derivative of xanthogen.</def>  <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan*thid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Xanthidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute unicellular alg\'91 of the desmids. These alg\'91 have a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate or branched aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and others are found fossil in flint or hornstone.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>same as <er>xanthine</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow insoluble coloring matter extracted from yellow flowers; specifically, the coloring matter of madder.</def>  <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>xanthein</asp>.]</altsp><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably identical with carbon disulphide.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Xan"thine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> Also <hw>Xan"thin</hw>  }</mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A type of purine obtainable as a white microcrystalline powder, <chform>C5H4O2N4</chform>, present in muscle tissue, in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and other organs, and also in urine (in small quantities) and some urinary calculi, and in the juices of certain plants; -- so called because it leaves a yellow residue when evaporated to dryness with nitric acid. It is also present in guano.  Xanthine is closely related to uric acid.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thi*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + qu<ets>inine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric acid, produced as a white powder; -- so called because it forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a blue fluorescence like quinine.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan"thi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xa`nqion</grk> a plant used for dyeing the hair yellow, said to be the <spn>Xanthium strumarium</spn>, from <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants in which the scales of the involucre are united so as to form a kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow; as in <ex>xantho</ex>cobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having yellow fruit.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan*thoch"ro*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.  See <er>Xanthochroic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the lighter-colored members.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>Xanthochroi</qex>, or fair whites, . . . are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as Hindostan.</q> <rj><qau>Tylor.</qau></rj><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*chro"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>chro`a</grk> color.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*chroid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See under <er>Xanthrochroic</er>, <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Having a yellowish or fair complexion.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A person having xanthochroid traits.</def></def2><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan*thoch"ro*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abnormal coloration of feathers in which yellow replaces the normal color, as in certain parrots. It is commonly due to lack of the dark pigment which with yellow forms green.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*don"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, tooth.]</ety> <def>Having yellow teeth.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of xanthic acid.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Persulphocyanogen.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*gen*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of xanthic acid.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xantho-</er>, and <er>-gen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic.  See <cref>Xanthic acid</cref>, under <er>Xanthic</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan*tho"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.  See <er>Xantho-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A skin disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; -- called also <altname>xanthelasma</altname>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan*thom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthoma.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*mel"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>xantho-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lighter division of the Melanochroi, or those races having an olive or yellow complexion and black hair.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fai`nein</grk> to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the retina in animals.  See <er>Chromophane</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*phyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fy`llon</grk> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly called also <altname>phylloxanthin</altname>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"tho*pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a yellow stipe, or stem.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*pro*te"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the characters of xanthoprotein; <as>as, <ex>xanthoproteic</ex> acid; the <ex>xanthoproteic</ex> reaction for albumin.</as></def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*pro"te*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric acid on albuminous or proteid matter. It is changed to a deep orange-yellow color by the addition of ammonia.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*puc"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>pucc</ets>oon + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>). It is a yellow crystalline substance, and resembles berberine.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*rham"nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + NL. <ets>Rhamnus</ets>, the generic name of the plant bearing Persian berries.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*rhi"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>"ri`za</grk> root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the species <spn>Xanthorhiza apiifolia</spn>, which has roots of a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><-- p. 1671 --><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan`tho*rh\'d2"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>"rei^n</grk> to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike leaves.  See <er>Grass tree</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"those</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain crabs.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan*tho"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan`tho*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>spe`rma</grk> sperm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having yellow seeds.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan"thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <def>Yellow; specifically <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, of or pertaining to those races of man which have yellowish, red, auburn, or brown hair.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xan*thox"y*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xanthoxylum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the seeds of a Japanese prickly ash (<spn>Xanthoxylum pipertium</spn>) as an aromatic oil.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xan*thox"y*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>xy`lon</grk> wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots of which are of a deep yellow color; prickly ash.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note><hand/ The commonest species in the Northern United States is <spn>Xanthoxylum Americanum</spn>.  See <cref>Prickly ash</cref>, under <er>Prickly</er>.</note><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe"bec</hw> <pr>(z<emac/"b<ecr/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>jabegue</ets>, formerly spelt <ets>xabeque</ets>, or Pg. <ets>xabeco</ets>; both from Turk. <ets>sumbeki</ets> a kind of Asiatic ship; cf. Per. <ets>sumbuk</ets>, Ar. <ets>sumb<umac/k</ets> a small ship.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xeme</hw> <pr>(z<emac/m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Arctic fork-tailed gull (<spn>Xema Sabinii</spn>).</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xen`e*la"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xenhlasi`a</grk> expulsion of strangers.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from residing in Sparta without permission, its object probably being to preserve the national simplicity of manners.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xe"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Xenia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., from Gr. <grk>xe`nion</grk> gift to a guest, fr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> guest.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign ambassador.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xen`o*do*chi"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>xenodochium</ets> a building for the reception of strangers, Gr. <?/ .]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Class. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A house for the reception of strangers.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the reception and entertainment of strangers and pilgrims, and for the relief of paupers. [Called also <altname>Xenodocheion</altname>.]</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*nod"o*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Reception of strangers; hospitality.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen"on</hw> <pr>(z<ecr/n"<ocr/n; z<emac/"n<ocr/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`non</grk>, neut. of <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A very heavy, inert gaseous element of the noble gas group, occurring in the atmosphere in the proportion of one volume is about 20 millions. It was discovered by <person>Ramsay</person> and <person>Travers</person> in 1898. It can be condensed to a liquid boiling at -107\'f8 C., and to a solid which melts at -111.9\'f8 C. Symbol <it>Xe</it> (formely also <it>X</it>); atomic number 54; atomic weight 131.3.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*nog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange, foreign + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cross fertilization.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> a stranger + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Heterogenesis</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fancied production of an organism of one kind by an organism of another.</def>  <rj><au>Huxley.</au></rj><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; <as>as, the <ex>xenogenetic</ex> origin of microzymes</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Huxley.</au></rj><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen`o*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange + E. <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs, institutions, manners, fashions, etc.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Saintsbury.</au></rj><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xen"o*mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the blackfish of Alaska (<spn>Dallia pectoralis</spn>) is the type.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange + <?/, dim. of <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of fishes including <gen>Gobiesox</gen> and allied genera. These fishes have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in front by the pectoral fins. They are destitute of scales.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen"o*time</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ honoring guests or strangers; <grk>xe`nos</grk> guest, stranger + <?/ honor: cf. G. <ets>xenotim</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown tetragonal crystals.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*nu"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cabassou.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xen"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> strange + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical characteristic of xenylic compounds.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*nyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of diphenyl.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xer"a*phim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>xarafin</ets>, <ets>xerafin</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>ashraf\'c6</ets> noble, the name of a gold coin.]</ety> <def>An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a rupee.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xer"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sherry.  See <er>Sherry</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xer"if</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shereef.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xer"iff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shereef</er>.]</ety> <def>A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the value of about  9s. 6d., or about $2.30; -- also, in Morocco, a ducat.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xe`ro*der"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dry + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Ichthyosis.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A skin disease characterized by the presence of numerous small pigmented spots resembling freckles, with which are subsequently mingled spots of atrophied skin.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe"ro*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of xeronic acid.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*ron"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dry + citra<ets>conic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, <chform>C8H12O4</chform>, related to fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its tendency to form its anhydride.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*roph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>xerophagia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ dry + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry food in Lent and on other fasts.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe*roph"i*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dry + <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of moisture.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are termed by De Candolle <qex>xerophilous</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Goodale.</qau></rj><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xe`roph*thal"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ dry + <?/ the eye.  See <er>Ophthalmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long-continued inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xe`roph*thal"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Xerophthalmia.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xiph"i*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a swordfish, a sword-shaped comet, fr. Gr. <grk>xifi`as</grk>, fr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword.]</ety><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes comprising the common swordfish.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The constellation Dorado.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A comet shaped like a sword</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xi*phid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, dim. of <grk>xi`fos</grk> sword.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the order <spn>H\'91modrace\'91</spn>, having two-ranked, sword-shaped leaves.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xiph"i*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xiphius</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus <gen>Xiphius</gen> or family <fam>Xiphiid\'91</fam>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xiph"i*plas"tron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Xiphiplastra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also <altname>xiphisternum</altname>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xiph"i*ster"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Xiphisterna</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes called <altname>metasternum</altname>, <altname>ensiform cartilage</altname>, <altname>ensiform process</altname>, or <altname>xiphoid process</altname>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The xiphiplastron.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Xiph"i*ster"nal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xiph"i*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak, usually two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in the upper jaw.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xiph"o*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword + <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the European Tertiary formations. It had slender legs, didactylous feet, and small canine teeth.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xiph"oid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sword-shaped; <grk>xi`fos</grk> a sword + <?/ form, shape: cf. F. <ets>xiphoide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Like a sword; ensiform.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xiph*oid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Xiphoid.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xi*phoph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> sword + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having sword-shaped leaves.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xiph`o*su"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See <er>Xiphura</er>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>\'d8Xi*phu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xi`fos</grk> sword + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Limuloidea</er>. Called also <altname>Xiphosura</altname>.</def><br/
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>XP</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Belongs here in appearance only.]</ety> <def>The first two letters of the Greek word <grk>CHRISTOS</grk>, Christ; -- an abbreviation used with the letters separate or, oftener, in a monogram, often inclosed in a circle, as a symbol or emblem of Christ. It use as an emblem was introduced by Constantine the Great, whence it is known as the <col><b>Constantinian symbol</b></col>, or <col><b>monogram</b></col>. See <er>Labarum</er>.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>x"-rat`ed</hw> <pr>(<ecr/ks"r<amac/t`<ecr/d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[from a system of ratings for movies based on objectionableness of the content or suitability for children.]</ety> <def>having a rating of X; not suitable for children; broadly, obscene or sexually explicit.</def><br/
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><mhw><hw>X ray</hw>, <hw>X-ray</hw></mhw> <pr>(<ecr/ks"r<amac/`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, <it>x</it> being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>originally, any of the rays produced when cathode rays strike upon surface of a solid (as a copper target or the wall of the vacuum tube); now defined as electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0.1 to 10 nanometers. X-rays are noted for their penetration of many opaque substances, as wood and flesh, their action on photographic plates, and their fluorescent effects. They were called <altname>X rays</altname> by their discoverer, <person>W. K. R\'94ntgen</person>, but were also referred to for some time as <altname>Roentgen rays</altname>. The term <ex>X-ray</ex> has become the most common designation.  They also ionize gases, but cannot be reflected, or polarized, or deflected by a magnetic field.  They are used in examining objects opaque to visible light, as for imaging bones or other structures inside the human body, and for detecting flaws in metal objects, such as in welds.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><mhw><hw>X ray</hw>, <hw>X-ray</hw></mhw> <pr>(<ecr/ks"r<amac/`)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>  <def>to examine by means of X-rays; to irradiate with X-rays.</def><br/
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>X"-ray` astronomy</hw>. <def>the branch of astronomy dealing with the study of astronomical objects which emit X-rays, and the methods used to detect such objects.</def><br/
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>X"-ray` tube</hw>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A vacuum tube suitable for producing R\'94ntgen rays.</def><br/
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Xy*lam"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xyl</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained