FIELD MARKS FOR WEBSTER 1913 and CIDE ===================================== * Overview This file describes the tags used to mark the Webster 1913 dictionary and the GCIDE (GNU Collaborative International Dictionary of English). If any tag is not listed here, it is either (1) one of the "point" (font size) or "type" (font style) tags, which should be self-explanatory; or (2) is a functional field with no effect on the typography. Last modified March 12, 1999. For questions, contact: Patrick Cassidy cassidy@micra.com 735 Belvidere Ave. Plainfield, NJ 07062 (908) 561-3416 or (908) 668-5252 A separate file, webfont.txt, contains the list of the individual non-ASCII characters represented by either higher-order hexadecimal character marks (e.g., \'94, for o-umlaut) or by entity tags (e.g., . The tags on this list are similar in structure to SGML tags. Each tag on this list marks a field; each field opens with a tagname between angle brackets thus: , and closes with a similar tag containing the forward slash thus: . No tags are used without closing tags. Thus a line break (similar to HTML
tag) is symbolized here as an entity,
has a corresponding

. The absence of an end-field tag, or the presence of an end-field tag without a prior begin-field tag constitutes a typographical error, of which there may be a significant number. Any errors detected should be brought to the attention of PJC or the appropriate editor. Most of the tagged fields are presented in the text in italic type, with a number of exceptions. Where a word is contained within more than one field, the innermost field determines the font to be used. Wherever recognizable functional fields were found, an attempt was made to tag the field with a functional mark, but in many cases, words were italicised only to represent the word itself as a discourse entity, and in some such cases, the "italic" mark was used, implying nothing regarding functionality of the word. The base font is considered "plain". Where an italic field is indicated, parentheses or brackets within the field are not italicised. Where no font is specified for a tag, the tag is merely a functional division, and was printed in plain font unless otherwise tagged. This type of segment is marked by an asterisk (*) where the font name would be. The size of the "plain" font in the original text is about 1.6 mm for the height of capitalized letters. * Explicit typographical tags These were used where the purpose of a different font was merely to distinguish a word from the body of the text, and no explicit functional tag seemed apropriate. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tag Font Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------- plain font that used in the body of a definition -- normally not marked, except within fields of a different front. italic in master files italic for use in HTML presentation bold in master files bold for use in HTML presentation bold, Collocation font. Same font as used in collocations. smaller This is used only in the list of "un-" by 1 point words not actually defined in the dictionary. Probably could be replaced by a segment mark for the entire list! The "un-" words should be indexed as headwords. bold Same as , a font similar to that used in collocations. However, this tag is used in a table and could be set to a different font.

* HTML tag -- largest heading font.

* HTML tag -- second largest heading font. * Marks a Row title in a table. Font the same as the headword , though the field is not a headword. Used only once. * Multiple items, a set of items in a table. A series of point size markers, many unique. * One of the tags of the form where ** represents the typographic point size of the enclosed text.
                      An HTML tag indicating that the enclosed
                           text is of teletype form, preformatted in a
                           uniform-spaced font.
			   
          small caps   used mostly for "a. d.",  "b. c."
                           This is the same font as in , but has no
                           functional or semantic significance.
			   
                      group of table data elements in a table.

         subscript

        subscript

        superscript

        superscript

   Sans-serif

      Bold         collocation font, and also a subtype.

                       HTML tage -- teletype font

              A squared bold font without serifs approximating
                           the "universe bold" font on the HP Laserjet4,
                           slightly larger than the capitals in a definition
                           body.  Used in expositions describing shapes,
                           such as "Y", "T", "U", "X", "V", "F".
			   
                 Vertically organized column.

                  Vertically organized column -- only part of a table
                           which needs to be completed.  Used once.
			   
<...type>                  A series of tags, many unique, designating
                           certain unusual fonts, such as "bourgeoistype"
                           for "bourgeois type", in the section on
                           typography.  Most of these occur only once, in
                           the section on fonts.  Some examples follow:























* Tags with semantic content:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tag           Font         Meaning and Description 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
       *            Alternative spelling segment.  Almost always
                           contained within square brackets after the main
                           definition segment.  Expository words such as
                           "Spelled also" are in plain font; the actual
                           alternative spelling is marked by  ...
                            tags within this segment.
			   
         italic       Antonym.

         italic       Alternative spelling.  The actual word which is
                           an alternative spelling to the headword.  These
                           are functionally synonyms of the headword.  In
                           most cases these also occur as headwords, with
                           reference to the word where the actual definition
                           is found, but not all such words are listed
                           separately, particularly if the spelling is close
                           enough to the headword to be found at the same
                           point in the dictionary.  Whether listed
                           separately or not, these words should be indexed
                           at this location, also.

          italic       Authority or author.  Used where an authority is
                           given for a definition, and also used for the
                           author, where a quotation within double quotes is
                           given in the same paragraph as the definition.
                           The double quotes are indicated by the open-quote
                           (\'bd) and close-quote (\'b8).  In both cases, it
                           is typically right-justified, almost always
                           fitting on the same line with the last line of
                           the definition or quotation.
			   
                           Within collocation segments, it is usually used
                           only after quotations, and is not
                           right-justified, except occasionally where it
                           would be close to the right margin, and then
                           apparently is is right-justified.  We have not
                           explicitly marked those which are
                           right-justified, but they can be recognized
                           because they are on a line by themselves,
                           preceded by two carriage returns.

         *            Marks a biography.  Should be longer than a short
                           mention of who a person was, which is typically
                           included as a definition.

   *            Same as 

       italic       Marks the name of a book, pamphlet, or similar
                           document.

    *            A field of knowledge which of which the headword
                           is a division.

     *            Caption of a figure or table.

         *            tags the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service)
                           registry number for a chemical substance.

      italic       tags the infectious disease caused by the
                           headword.  Implied type of the agent is a
                           microorganism, and the tag must mark a disease.

     *            Same as  without the italic type.
   *            Same as  without the italic type.

    italic       inverse of : tags the causative agent of
                           an infectious disease, which is the headword.
                           The tag must mark a microorganism, virus, or
                           prion, and the implied type of the headword is a
                           disease.

                 Used only for the single letter in the headers to
                           each letter of the alphabet.

        *            marks the proper name of a city.  Used only
                           occasionally and not consistently at this stage.

       italic       Converted to: used to tag substances which are
                           products prepared by conversion from the
                           headword.  Usually chemicals or complex products
                           from natuarl materials.  Rarely used up to 1998.

    *            List of heads for the columns of a table.

    *            Title of a column in a table.

        *            Comment -- differs from  in being in-line
                           with the definition paragraph.  Provides a little
                           additional information.

     *            Name of a company (commercial firm).  Compare
                           . 

      italic       Composed of.  Tags a substance of which the
                           headword is at least partly composed.  The
                           substance may be particulate, such as diatoms
                           composing diatomaceous earth.

    *            marks an object contained within the headword.

       italic       Contrasting word.  Not exactly an antonym, which
                           is marked , but a contrasting word which is
                           often introduced as "opposite to" or "contrasts
                           with".

     *            Name of a country (nation) of the world.

        italic       Collocation reference.  A reference to a
                           collocation.  Each such collocation should have
                           its own entry, marked by  ...  tags,
                           and these references should function as hypertext
                           buttons to access that entry.

        *            A Date, of any type, e.g. Dec. 25.

       *            Date-with-year tags a date containing a year.

         *            A definition.  The definition may have subfields,
                           particularly  (an illustrative phrase
                           starting with "as" or "thus" and containing the
                           headword (or a morphological derivative).  The
                           , \'bd...\'b8 quotations (left and right
                           double quotes) and  fields may be found
                           within a definition field, but should and usually
                           are located outside the definition proper.  The
                           marking macro was inconsistent in this placement,
                           and the exclusion of the ,  and
                           quotations needs to be completed by the
                           proof-readers.

                           Certain definitions contain  fields within
                           them, where the headword is an irregular
                           derivative of another headword.  In these cases,
                           the  field follows immediately after the
                            tag, and these entries do not have a
                           separate  field.  In such cases, the 
                           field is italic, as usual.

       *            Division of the headword, usually an
                           organization.  E. g. a faculty or department of a
                           university, or a United Nations agency.

         *            Marks an education institution, a subtype of
                           organization.

       *            Tags a physical object or form of radiation
                           emitted by the headword.

Just a place-holder for illustrations, but seldom used. italic Marks the name of a movie film. italic Field of specialization. Most often used for Zoology and Botany, but many "fields of specialization" are marked for technical terms. The parentheses are usually within this field, but are not themselves in italics. * Name of a geograpahical region of any size; if applicable, the more specific , , or are preferred. * Hyperym. Points to the hypernym from WordNet 1.5 Initially, used only for entries extracted from WordNet 1.5. Not present in the original 1913 version. * Illustrative usage -- mostly from WordNet, and placed outside the definition, in contrast to usage. These should be converted to ... illustrative usage format for consistency. * Illustration place-holder. Seldom used. * HTML usage -- points to an image file, usually .gif or .jpg. These have no closing tag, and will appear as errors in parsing. * Points to a word whose meaning is an intensified form of the headword. Taken from WordNet tags, used with some adjectives from WordNet. * Designates one item in a row of a table. Used only when intervening spaces do not serve properly as natural field separaters. italic Translation into a foreign (non-English) language of the previous word in the text -- italic font. ( is a translation into English) italic Same as * Title of a journal (periodical). * Always a filled rectangular array. * A 2x5 matrix (2 rows by 5 columns). * Multiple synonymous subtypes -- used in def. of "grass". * Multiple table, encloses figures. * Music figure. Only in a note under the entry "Figure", the two numbers of each such field are bold, 20 point type, stacked as in a fraction with a bar between them, but also having a horizontal stroke midway through each numeral. Unique to this entry.

* Paragraph tag, used always in pairs. Line breaks may be embedded inside the paragraphs. * Marks the proper name of a person. Used only occasionally, but should be used more frequently for cases where first names are abbreviated, to reduce ambiguity of the period for automatic analysis. Where a title is given, prefixed or postfixed, it is included in this tag. * Marks the name of a person, when only one name (usually the last name) is given. Not used consistently where it should be. * Marks the name of a publication other than book, which is marked by . It is often a magazine or journal. * Tags the name of a person who is speaking, within a quotation. Same as * Collocation, plain text -- used to tag phrases that should be parsed as a unit, but has no typographical significance. italic Always right-justified, as described for . * A reference to a word in the vocabulary. * Marks the set of references used for a longer article such as a biography. * Marks the name of a river -- a proper name. * Right justified. * Designates a row in a table. * Name of a geopolitical state, the first subdivision of a country. Includes, e.g. Canadian provinces. * Lists subtypes of the headword. * Superscript * Supra. The two parts of each such field are stacked, one over the other, *without* a horizontal bar between (as in a fraction). Used only in one entry, for a musical notation.

* Always a filled rectangular array, having and elements. bold, Collocation. A word combination containing the smaller by headword (or a morphological derivative). 1 point The collocations do not have an explicitly marked part of speech. See also , tagging embedded collocations. Collocation, no typographic significance. Used to mark a word combination defined in the dictionary without affect on font. small caps The conjugated (non-infinitive) forms of verbs. imp. & p. p. is common, as well as p. pr. & vb. n. Irregular variants of these are less common. Words in this field perhaps should be indexed. smaller Collocation segment. The font and size is normal vertical in a cs, but the spacing between lines is smaller spacing (0.9 mm between lower-case letters, rather than 1.1 mm in the main body of the definition). For an on-line dictionary, reproducing this typography is probably pointless. small caps Declension form. The actual morphological variants of nouns or pronouns. Should be indexed. * Embedded Collocation. A word combination containing the headword (or a morphological derivative, embedded within a definition without a separate definition of its own. These collocations should be defined implicitly by the text of the definition in which they are embedded. See also , tagging explicitly defined collocations. Bold Entry field. Gives the headword without accent or syllabication marks, and with special-character symbols converted to their nearest ASCII equivalents. Can be used without conversion as the string that serves as the index word for that entry. small caps Entry reference. References to headwords within the "etymology" section are in small caps. Such references also occur in the body of definitions, and in "usage" segments. Such entry references should function as hypertext buttons to access that entry. * Etymology. Always contained within square brackets. Normal type is used for explanatory comments, and italics for the actual words (marked ) considered as etymological sources. italic Etymological source. Words from which the headword was derived, or to which it is related. The Greek words within an etymology segment are invariably etymology sources, and should be marked as such, but are not so marked, even in the rare cases where the Greek word transliteration has been written in. italic Etymological source, being the name of a person or geographical location which is the eponym for the concept. This is used to distinguish eponymous etymologies from others, and can also be found in the body of a definition or note, not only in the etymology field. Very few of the names that should be marked this way have actually been so marked, as of version 0.51. In cases where such eponymous names have not yet been thus marked, they will usually be marked by , the non-semantic italic-font marker, or, in etymologies, by . italic Example. An example of usage of the headword, usually found within an or segment. * Frequency of use, ordinal rank. This is used for WordNet entries, in which the synonyms were ranked in order of frequency of use. 1 indicates that the headword is the first word on the list of synonyms. * First use. A date at or around which the first use of this word in writing is recorded. Not in the original 1913 Webster, and usu. taken from a recent dictionary. Only a few such fields have been entered as of version 0.41 Greek transliteration. The Greek words have been transliterated using roman letters. See chapter "Greek transliteration" in file "webfont.txt" bold, A headword. Each main entry begins with the larger by mark, and ends at the next mark. The main 2 points entries are not otherwise explicitly marked as a distinctive field. The same word may appear as a headword several times, usually as different parts of speech, but sometimes with different entries as the same part of speech, presumably to indicate a different etymology. Within the hw field the heavy accent is represented by double quote ("), the light accent by open-single-quote (`), and the short dash separating syllables by an asterisk (*). A hyphen (-) is used to represent the hyphen of hyphenated words. italic, Usage mark. Almost always within square but brackets, occasionally in parentheses or without explanatory any bracketing. The most common usage marks, may be "Obs." = obsolete "R." = rare, "Colloq." = plain. colloquial, "Prov. Eng." = Provincial England, etc. are in italics. Some usage notes are also marked with , but are in plain. For simplicity, all words in this field may be italic, until additional explicit marks are added. * A usage mark in plain type (not italic). Found within a definition, when there are more than one sense-number listed. "Fig." at the head of an entry is the most common case. * Multiple collocation. Similar to multiple headword, when two or more collocations share one definition; however, the two collocations are in-line, rather than stacked or justified. There may be "or" or "and" words (italicised), or an "etc." (plain type) within this field. In many cases, the * Multiple headword. This field is used where more than one headword shares a single definition. In the dictionary, the (usually) two headwords are left-justified one below the other in the column, and are tied together on the right side of the headwords by a long right curly brace. This division is strictly functional, for analytical purposes, and does not affect the typography. * Noun morphology section. Rarely used, mostly for irregular personal pronouns. * Explanatory note. No explicit font is indicated. These segments may be separate, as in the separate paragraphs starting * Plural. The "plural" segment starts with a "pl." which is italicised, but in this segment is not otherwise marked as italicised. Other words occurring in this segment are plain type. The "pl." can be easily explicitly marked if necessary. italic Part of speech. Always an abbreviation: e.g., n.; v. i.; v. t.; a.; adv.; pron.; prep. Combinations may occur, as "a. & n.". * Part of speech, referring to words in etymologies, normal type. Always an abbreviation, as in above Combinations may occur, as "a. or n.". small caps Plural word. The actual plural form of the word, found within a segment. * Pronunciation. The default font is normal, but many non-ASCII characters are used. The pronunciation field may have more than one pronunciation, separated by an " smaller by Quotation. No bracketing quotation marks, though two points, occasionally \'bd-\'b8 quotations occur within centered, these quotations. These quotations tend to be Separate more complete sentences, rather than just paragraph phrases, such as are contained within quotation marks within the definition paragraph. italic, Quotation author. Used only for the right quotations marked with that are centered in justified their own paragraphs. italic Quotation example. An example of usage of the headword, within quotations marked by .. tags. italic Subdefinition, marked (a), (b), (c), etc. These are finer distinctions of word senses, used within numbered word-sense (for main entries), and also used for subdefinitions within collocation segments, which have no numbering of senses. The letter is italic, the parentheses are not. This tag is also used to indicate the lettered subdefinition when it is referred to at another point in the text. italic The name of a ship. Rarely used. * Singular. Analogous to the segment, but more rarely used, mostly for Indian tribes, which are listed in the plural form. small caps Singular word. The singular form of the plural-form headword. bold, Sense number. A headword may have over 20 larger by different sense numbers. Within each numbered 2 points sense there may be lettered sub-senses. See the (sub-definition) field. italic Source. The author of the definition. Used only for definitions not originally present in Webster 1913, and not present in the original version intended to mimic the 1913 printed dictionary. This source is used for each word sense, and may differ for different senses of a word, especially where a Web1913 definition was substantially modified, or a new word sense was added to a previously defined word. plain Synonyms. A list of synonyms, sometimes followed by a segment. narrower Comparisons of word usage for words which are spacing sometimes confused. As with collocation segments, font is plain, but spacing is smaller than normal definition spacing. This seems pointlessly complicating for an on-line display. * Verified for current accuracy by a technical editor, without changes. * Verb morphology (conjugation) segment, delimited by square brackets. * Morphological derivatives not contained in the bracketed segments, as above. For nouns derived from adjectives, adverbs from adjectives, etc. This segment is usually found at the end of the main entry. The adverbial and nominalized derivatives at the end of a main entry are usually introduced by an em dash [represented as two hyphens (--)]. bold, Same font as , with accents and syllable larger by breaks marked as in the headword. Marks the 2 points actual morphological forms within a segment; typically, adverbial or nominalized form of an adjective. * Second definition (occasionally, a third definition is present). This is used where a second or third part of speech with the same orthography is placed under one headword. Within this segment, there will be a field, and sometimes a and/or a quotation. * "Specifically:" Used to mark the words "specifically", "Hence", "as" which are used to introduce a second definition typically more specific than the first, but in general derived by extension of the initial definition. This functions as a warning of multiple definitions where the sense-numbers are not explicitly used. It is also useful in separate senses, to tag polysemous definitions which may be specializations or generalizations of the preceding definition. italic Plural form. Used exclusively to mark the "pl." abbreviation, which introduces a definition for the headword, *when used in the plural form*. Not related to , which spells out the plural form, but does define it. italic Usage example. Used only a few times, within segments. italic Supertype (hypernym) the inverse of and identical to but not derived from WordNet. plain, Chemical formula. The letters are plain font, but numbers the numbers are subscript. This is mostly useful subscript as a functional mark to pinpoint chemicals. plain Chemical formula same as , but not processed specially by the tag-converter program. The letters are plain font, but the numbers are subscript. Used in place of when the formula has a tag inside, which cannot now be processed by the processing routine. * Chemical name. Used to allow a IUPAC chemical name to be processed as a unit in spite of embedded dashes, parentheses, and commas. * A "see" reference to related words, outside of the main definition field. italic Mathematical expression. In this dictionary, essentially all letters (used as variable labels) in math expressions are in italic font. The "+" and "-" may also appear typographically different from elsewhere in the dictionary. italic Also a mathematical expression, but the colon and double colon may have a different typography than usual., as in a:b italic Singular form. Analogous to , to define the singular word where the headword is the plural form. ** only modifies the word "sing." * Morphological derivation. Used to mark the entry-reference portions of those entries which are defined as morphological derivatives (plural, p. p., imp.) of other headwords. Used just as an attempt to mark and regularize the entry format. May be ignored typographically. a stack, Fraction. Used for non-numerical fractions which with cannot be expressed as a superscript, Exponential. Used in mathematical expressions. smaller font. italic Translation (e.g. of Greek), in the body of a definition or etymology. Used only twice. italic Word translated: the word in italic is translated by a subsequent word. Usually in etymologies, where the word translated is not actually etymologically related to the headword. The translated word is not necessarily English. italic Translation of the preceding word (or of the headword) into English. * Functional expression (math). The function names are in plain type, the variables are italic. italic Illustration reference. Used only occasionally, not yet (v. 0.51) consistently. italic Figure reference. * Figure caption. * Figure title. * Tags a mathematical function or expression. * Chemical reaction. Similar to chemical formulas (which are contained but not explicitly marked), with some other symbols. italic Verb Particle. Only a few particles were actually marked, but in a future version more may be. Table Title. Used only once. italic Title of a literary work, movie, opera, musical composition, etc. Used rarely but should be used in every case, except in <au> references. <root> * Square root -- differs from the entity <root/, which is a square root sign that does not extend beyond the number following it. The <root> field has a bar (vinculum) over the expression within the field, as well as the square root symbol preceding the expression in the field. Used only once. <vinc> * Vinculum. In a mathematical expression, a bar extending over the expression within the field. Used only once. This apparently serves the same function as a parentheses, of causing the expression within the field to be evaluated and the result used as the (mathematical) value of the field. <nul> plain Nultype. An older version of <plain>. <cd2> * Second collocation definition. Somewhat similar to <def2>. Purely a mark to reduce functional ambiguity, with no effect on the typography. <hypen> * Hypernym. Mark introduced for the World Wide Webster, when adding words from WordNet. In most cases, this tag marks the WordNet hypernym (for nouns and verbs). Where the <au> mark is PJC or includes a +PJC, the hypernym may not be the same as in WordNet. The words marked by this tag need to be bracketed in some way, but this is deferred until the definitions included with the hypernyms have been deleted, and other disambiguating marks substituted. <stype> italic Subtype. A functional mark, to point out words which are conceptually subtypes of the styp. <headword> * Subtype. A functional mark, to point out words which are conceptually subtypes of the headword, but with no *typographical* significance. <simto> * Similar-to. A semantic relational mark for closely related words which are not quite synonyms, nor hypernyms, nor hyponyms. Introduced with WordNet data. <conseq> * Consequence. For adjectives, is an attribute or which is a consequence of possessing the headword <hascons> attribute. Introduced with WordNet data. <consof> * Consequence of. For adjectives, an attribute which implies the headword as a natural consequence. <part> italic Part. Marks a word designating something which is conceptually a part of the headword. Rarely used. <parts> italic Part, plural form. Same as <part>, but marks the name of the part in its plural form. <partof> * Marks a word designating something of which the headword is conceptually a part. Inverse of <part>. This is very broad, and may mean constituent or separable part. Rarely used. <contxt> * Context. Used only for introductions to definitions, giving the context of usage, which are not part of the definition proper, as: <contxt>when used of a person:</contxt> <grp> * Marks the name of a group of people not formally organized. <membof> italic Marks a group of which the headword is a member. This is rarely used, but should be indexed as an entry word or phrase. <member> italic Marks a member of a group defined by the headword. This is rarely used, but should be indexed as an entry word or phrase. <members> italic Same as <member>, but marks a plural word, designating the name of the members in its plural form, for lack of ambiguity. <method> * Designates a special type of definition which describes a method for achieving the headword, used only once for the word "amend". The subdefinitions begin with "by". <corpn> * Name of a business company, corporation, or partnership. Started using November 1988. Rare. <corr> italic Correlative. A word intimately associated with the headword in a manner such that one cannot appear without the other. Not exactly an inverse. <qperson> italic Marks the name of a person, quoted in a dialogue. Used only in <q> blockquotes as of vers. 0.45. <org> * Marks the name of an organization; sometimes used for the names of groups of people not formally organized; see also <grp>. <prod> italic produces. Designates a substance produced by a living organism. Rarely used. <prodp> * produces (plainfont). Designates a substance produced by a living organism. Same as <prod>, but does not affect font. Rarely used. <prodby> * produced by. Designates a living organism which produces the headword substance. Rarely used. <prodmac> italic produces. Designates an object or substance produced by a machine or process. Rarely used. <stage> italic life stage of an organism. Used to indicate variant forms of an organism defined by the headword. Rarely used. <stageof> * An organism one of whose life stages is the headword. Inverse (correlative) of <stage>. Rarely used. <inv> italic Inversely related to headword -- e.g. depository is the inverse of depositor; buyer is the inverse of seller. Called "correlative" in the Webster 1913 and the CIDE. Rarely used. <methodfor> italic Is a method to accomplish the action defined by the headword. Rarely used, and only in the supplemental section. <examp> italic Example or instance of the headword, where the tagged and emphasized word is not a proper subtype. <sfield> * Subfield of the headword, which must be a field of study or of knowledge. <stage> italic A stage of life of the headword -- for living things, such as insects, whose life stages may take different names. <unit> italic A unit of measure, usually preceded by a number. Also used to tag the unit of a measure which is the headword. <uses> italic Tags a tool or method used by the headword, which is usually some process. <usedfor> * Tags a method or process for which the headword is a tool. <usedby> italic Tags a tool or method which uses the headword, which is usually a physical object. <perf> italic performs -- tags a word which is a process or activity performed by the headword. <recipr> italic reciprocal -- used for cases where the tagged word is a reciprocal participant in an action, such as donor and recipient. The difference between this and <inv> inverse has not yet been systematically settled. Used seldom, and mostly in the supplemented version. <sig> italic significance, meaning -- used in definitions where the actual meaning is prefixed with commentary explaining usage or other attributes of the word, as with prefixes or suffixes. <wns> italic WordNet sense. Where known, the correspondence of the sense of an entry with that of WordNet 1.6 is given after the definition, in a tag of the form: <wns>[wns=3]</wns>, in which the number is the numbered sense in WordNet. <w16ns> italic WordNet version 1.6 sense. See <wns> for explanation. <wnote> * A note related to usage in the corresponding WordNet definition. * Biological classifications ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tag Font Meaning and Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------- <spn> italic Species name. Used to mark the taxonomic names of living things which are represented in italic font in the original printed version. Originally, not only species, but genera, orders and families were also thus marked. The conversion from <spn> to <fam>, <gen>, or <ord> is not completed, and <spn> may stil be found marking such groups. However, orders and families are also frequently mentioned in the original in normal font, and in such cases are not marked with any tag. So, this mark is not a reliable indicator of all mentions of taxonomic names. <kingdom> italic Taxonomic biological Kingdom name. <phylum> italic Taxonomic phylum name. <subphylum> italic Taxonomic subphylum name. <class> italic Taxonomic class name. <subclass> italic Taxonomic subclass name. <ord> italic Taxonomic order name. Also used for suborders, initially. <subord> italic Taxonomic suborder name. <suborder> italic Taxonomic suborder name. <fam> italic Taxonomic family name. Also used to tag "tribes". <subfam> italic Taxonomic subfamily name. <gen> italic Taxonomic genus name. <var> italic Variety. Used to mark subspecies or varities below the level of species in living organism systematic names. <varn> italic Variety. Used to mark subspecies or varities below the level of species in living organism systematic names. Duplicative variant of <var>. Local Variables: mode: Outline coding: utf-8 fill-column: 76 End:
* Table datum - one cell in a table. * Table header. * Tags a commercial Trade name. * Table title (Larger than normal font). ==================================================================== * Functional Tags In the table below, font size comparatives are relative to the plain font. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tag Font Meaning and Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------- <-- --> * Comment, not a tag. These segments should be deleted from the written or printed text. Page numbers of the original text are indicated within such comments; these may be left in, if desired. * A comment. Used to indicate page numbers in the public domain version. italic Tag for abbreviations, when mentioned within the definition text. small caps Tags for the actual adjective or adverb comparatives or superlatives. Should be indexed. See also conjf (verbs) and decf (nouns). italic Alternative name. Usually for plants or animals, but also used for other cases where words are introduced by "also called", "called also", "formerly called". These are functionally *synonyms* for that word-sense. italic Same as , but the marked word is a plural form, whereas the headword is singular. * Adjective morphological segment, primarily the comparative and superlative forms. The occasional adverb morphology is also tagged this way. * A segment occurring within the definitional sentence, providing an example of usage of the headword. Not conceptually a part of the actual definition. smaller Collocation definition. Similar in structure to spacing headword definitions (the field). May contain an field. Plain type, but with closer spacing than main definitions.