diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'CIDE.P')
| -rw-r--r-- | CIDE.P | 20 |
1 files changed, 10 insertions, 10 deletions
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ Was <qex>packeted</qex> to France.</q> <rj><qau>Ford.</qau></rj><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><ent>Pahoehoe</ent><br/ -\'d8<hw>Pa*ho"e*ho`e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given in Hawaii (formerly the Sandwich Islands) to lava having a relatively smooth or billowing surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called <contr>aa</contr>.</def><br/ +\'d8<hw>Pa*ho"e*ho`e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given in Hawaii to lava having a relatively smooth or billowing surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called <contr>aa</contr>.</def><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p> <p><ent>Pah-Utes</ent><br/ @@ -5957,7 +5957,7 @@ Into the lean and slippered <qex>pantaloon</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj>< [<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p> <p><ent>Paracelsus</ent><br/ -<hw>Par`a*cel"sus</hw> <pr>(p<acr/r`<adot/*s<ecr/l"s<ucr/s)</pr>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <def><person>Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus</person> (originally <person>Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim</person>, also called <person>Theophrastus Paracelsus</person> and <person>Theophrastus von Hohenheim</person>). Born at <city>Maria-Einsiedeln</city>, in the Canton of Schwyz, <country>Switzerland</country>, Dec. 17 (or 10 Nov.), 1493: died at <city>Salzburg</city>, Sept. 23 (or 24), 1541. A celebrated German-Swiss physician, reformer of therapeutics, iatrochemist, and alchemist. He attended school in a small lead-mining district where his father, <person>William Bombast von Hohenheim</person>, was a physician and teacher of alchemy. The family originally came from <city>W<uum/rtemberg</city>, where the noble family of Bombastus was in possession of the ancestral castle of Hohenheim near <city>Stuttgart</city> until 1409. He entered the University of <city>Basel</city> at the age of sixteen, where he adopted the name <qex>Paracelsus</qex>, after <persfn>Celsius</persfn>, a noted Roman physician. But he left without a degree, first going to <city>Wurtzburg</city> to study under <person>Joannes Trithemius</person>, Abbot of Sponheim (1462-1516), a famous astrologer and alchemist, who initiated him into the mysteries of alchemy. He then spent many years in travel and intercourse with distinguished scholars, studied and practiced medicine and surgery, and at one point attended the Diet of Worms. He was appointed to the office of city physician of Basel, which also made him a lecturer on medicine at <city>Basel</city> about 1526, where, through the publisher <person>Johan Frobenius</person> he made friends with the scholar <persfn>Erasmus</persfn>; and there he fulminated against the medical pseudo-science of his day, and against the blind adherence to ancient medical authorities such as <persfn>Hippocrates</persfn>, <persfn>Galen</persfn>, and <persfn>Avicenna</persfn>, which was still the prevalent philosophy of medicine in the sixteenth century. But soon, in 1528, he was driven from the city by the medical corporations, whose methods he had severely criticized. He found refuge with friends, and traveled and practiced medicine, but could not find a publisher willing to print his books. He preached frequently the need for experimentation in medicine. He is important in the history of medicine chiefly on account of the impetus which he gave to the development of pharmaceutical chemistry. He was also the author of a visionary and theosophic system of philosophy. The first collective edition of his works appeared at <city>Basel</city> in 1589-91. Among the many legends concerning him is that concerning his long sword, which he obtained while serving as barber-surgeon during the Neapolitan wars. It was rumored that in the hilt of the sword he kept a familiar or small demon; some thought he carried the elixer of life in the sword. He is buried in the cemetary of the <org>Hospital of St. Sebastian</org> in <city>Salzburg</city>. For more detailed information about Paracelsus, there is a special project, the <a href="http://www.mhiz.unizh.ch/Paracelsus.html">Zurich Paracelsus Project</a> available on the Web.</def> <au>Century Dict., 1906</au>; <au>Bernard Jaffe (Crucibles: The Story of Chemistry, Revised Edition, 1948).</au><br/ +<hw>Par`a*cel"sus</hw> <pr>(p<acr/r`<adot/*s<ecr/l"s<ucr/s)</pr>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <def><person>Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus</person> (originally <person>Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim</person>, also called <person>Theophrastus Paracelsus</person> and <person>Theophrastus von Hohenheim</person>). Born at <city>Maria-Einsiedeln</city>, in the Canton of Schwyz, <country>Switzerland</country>, Dec. 17 (or 10 Nov.), 1493: died at <city>Salzburg</city>, Sept. 23 (or 24), 1541. A celebrated German-Swiss physician, reformer of therapeutics, iatrochemist, and alchemist. He attended school in a small lead-mining district where his father, <person>William Bombast von Hohenheim</person>, was a physician and teacher of alchemy. The family originally came from <city>W<uum/rtemberg</city>, where the noble family of Bombastus was in possession of the ancestral castle of Hohenheim near <city>Stuttgart</city> until 1409. He entered the University of <city>Basel</city> at the age of sixteen, where he adopted the name <qex>Paracelsus</qex>, after <persfn>Celsius</persfn>, a noted Roman physician. But he left without a degree, first going to <city>Wurtzburg</city> to study under <person>Joannes Trithemius</person>, Abbot of Sponheim (1462-1516), a famous astrologer and alchemist, who initiated him into the mysteries of alchemy. He then spent many years in travel and intercourse with distinguished scholars, studied and practiced medicine and surgery, and at one point attended the Diet of Worms. He was appointed to the office of city physician of Basel, which also made him a lecturer on medicine at <city>Basel</city> about 1526, where, through the publisher <person>Johan Frobenius</person> he made friends with the scholar <persfn>Erasmus</persfn>; and there he fulminated against the medical pseudo-science of his day, and against the blind adherence to ancient medical authorities such as <persfn>Hippocrates</persfn>, <persfn>Galen</persfn>, and <persfn>Avicenna</persfn>, which was still the prevalent philosophy of medicine in the sixteenth century. But soon, in 1528, he was driven from the city by the medical corporations, whose methods he had severely criticized. He found refuge with friends, and traveled and practiced medicine, but could not find a publisher willing to print his books. He preached frequently the need for experimentation in medicine. He is important in the history of medicine chiefly on account of the impetus which he gave to the development of pharmaceutical chemistry. He was also the author of a visionary and theosophic system of philosophy. The first collective edition of his works appeared at <city>Basel</city> in 1589-91. Among the many legends concerning him is that concerning his long sword, which he obtained while serving as barber-surgeon during the Neapolitan wars. It was rumored that in the hilt of the sword he kept a familiar or small demon; some thought he carried the elixer of life in the sword. He is buried in the cemetary of the <org>Hospital of St. Sebastian</org> in <city>Salzburg</city>. For more detailed information about Paracelsus, there is a special project, the <a href="https://www.paracelsus.uzh.ch/">Zurich Paracelsus Project</a> available on the Web.</def> <au>Century Dict., 1906</au>; <au>Bernard Jaffe (Crucibles: The Story of Chemistry, Revised Edition, 1948).</au><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><q>The apothecaries, too, were enraged against this iconoclast [Paracelsus]. For had he not, as official town physician, demanded the right to inspect their stocks and rule over their prescriptions which he denounced as "foul broths"? These apothecaries had grown fat on the barbarous prescriptions of the local doctors. "The physician's duty is to heal the sick, not to enrich the apothecaries," he had warned them, and refused to send his patients to them to have the prescriptions compounded. He made his own medicines instead, and gave them free to his patients.<br/ @@ -6277,7 +6277,7 @@ Shall be all <qex>paradise</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p> <p><ent>paradoxism</ent><br/ -<hw>par"a*dox`ism</hw> <pr>(p<acr/r"<adot/*d<ocr/ks`<icr/z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>paradox</ets> + <ets>-ism</ets>. <fu>ca. 1980</fu>]</ety> <def>An avant-garde movement in literature, art, and philosophy, based on excessive used of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, oxymorons, and paradoxes.</def> <au>Charles Le (http://www.geocities.com/charlestle/paradoxism.html)</au><br/ +<hw>par"a*dox`ism</hw> <pr>(p<acr/r"<adot/*d<ocr/ks`<icr/z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>paradox</ets> + <ets>-ism</ets>. <fu>ca. 1980</fu>]</ety> <def>An avant-garde movement in literature, art, and philosophy, based on excessive used of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, oxymorons, and paradoxes.</def> <au>Charles Le (https://web.archive.org/web/20091018202429/http://www.geocities.com/charlestle/paradoxism.html)</au><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><note> Paradoxism originated in Romania in the 1980s as a way of protesting against a closed society and a totalitarian regime. It is based on an excessive use of antimonies, antitheses, contradictions, oxymorons, and paradoxes. It was set up and led by the writer <person>Florentin Smarandache</person> in the 1980's, who said: <ldquo/The goal is the enlargement of the artistic sphere through non-artistic elements<rdquo/.<br/ @@ -6285,7 +6285,7 @@ Shall be all <qex>paradise</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/ Even if he didn't<br/ He did<br/ <br/ - A free eBook on "Paradoxism and Postmodernism" can be downloaded from http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/IonSoare2.PDF.</note><br/ + A free eBook on "Paradoxism and Postmodernism" can be downloaded from https://zenodo.org/record/8865#.YIWBb_kvBhE</note>.<br/ [<source>Charles Le</source>]</p> <p><ent>Paradoxology</ent><br/ @@ -8326,7 +8326,7 @@ Attend my passion, and forget to fear.</q> <rj><qau>Waller.</qau></rj><br/ <p><sn>7.</sn> <def>A position of the gear lever in a vehicle with automatic transmission, used when the vehicle is stopped, in which the transmission is in neutral and a brake is engaged.</def><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> -<p><cs><col><b>Park of artillery</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Artillery</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Park phaeton</b></col>, <cd>a small, low carriage, for use in parks.</cd> -- <col><b>industrial park</b> <cd>a region located typically in a suburban or rural area, zoned by law for specific types of business use (as, retail business, light industry, and sometimes heavy industry), often having some parklike characteristics, and having businesses, parking lots, and sometimes recreation areas and restaurants. The sponsoring agency may also provide supporting facilities, such as water towers, office buildings, or for large industrial parks, an airport.</cd></col></cs><br/ +<p><cs><col><b>Park of artillery</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Artillery</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Park phaeton</b></col>, <cd>a small, low carriage, for use in parks.</cd> -- <col><b>industrial park</b></col> <cd>a region located typically in a suburban or rural area, zoned by law for specific types of business use (as, retail business, light industry, and sometimes heavy industry), often having some parklike characteristics, and having businesses, parking lots, and sometimes recreation areas and restaurants. The sponsoring agency may also provide supporting facilities, such as water towers, office buildings, or for large industrial parks, an airport.</cd></cs><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><ent>Park</ent><br/ @@ -18041,7 +18041,7 @@ What men provided, what munition sent?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/ <p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (<spn>Piper nigrum</spn>), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus <gen>Piper</gen>, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.</def><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p> -<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Any plant of the genus <gen>Capsicum</gen> (of the <fam>Solanaceae</fam> family, which are unrelated to <gen>Piper</gen>), and its fruit; red pepper; chili pepper; <as>as, the <stype>bell <ex>pepper</ex></stype> and the <stype>jalapeno <ex>pepper</ex></stype> (both <spn>Capsicum annuum</spn>) and the <stype>habanero <ex>pepper</ex></stype> (<spn>Capsicum chinense</spn>); </as>. These contain varying levels of the substance <prod>capsaicin</prod> (<chform>C18H27O3N</chform>), which gives the peppers their hot taste. The habanero is about 25-50 times hotter than the jalapeno according to a scale developed by <person>Wilbur Scoville</person> in 1912. See also <er>Capsicum</er> and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.</def><br/ +<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Any plant of the genus <gen>Capsicum</gen> (of the <fam>Solanaceae</fam> family, which are unrelated to <gen>Piper</gen>), and its fruit; red pepper; chili pepper; <as>as, the <stype>bell <ex>pepper</ex></stype> and the <stype>jalapeno <ex>pepper</ex></stype> (both <spn>Capsicum annuum</spn>) and the <stype>habanero <ex>pepper</ex></stype> (<spn>Capsicum chinense</spn>); </as>. These contain varying levels of the substance <prod>capsaicin</prod> (<chform>C18H27O3N</chform>), which gives the peppers their hot taste. The habanero is about 25-50 times hotter than the jalapeno according to a scale developed by <person>Wilbur Scoville</person> in 1912. See also <er>Capsicum</er> and https://web.archive.org/web/20090312013237/http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com.</def><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source> + <source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><note><hand/ The term <xex>pepper</xex> has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of <gen>Capsicum</gen>. See <er>Capsicum</er>, and the Phrases, below.</note><br/ @@ -19896,7 +19896,7 @@ As at the world's great <qex>period</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p> <p><note><hand/Note: A modern version of the periodic table can be found at: - http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm</note><br/ + https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/</note><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><-- only the first column of the table is entered here, remainder needs to be entered --> @@ -26319,7 +26319,7 @@ Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj>< Carbon fixation is catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase), the world's most abundent enzyme.<br/ The<col><b> Calvin cycle</b></col> combines three carbon dioxide molecules into one molecule of three carbon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.<br/ Some plants, particularly many which live in hot, dry climates, have a mechanism for storing carbon dioxide by combining it with a three carbon molecule to form a four carbon molecule. This pathway is known as the C4 or Hatch-Slack pathway.</note><br/ -<au>http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Tom/bil255/bil255sum98/17_photo.html</au><br/ +<au>https://web.archive.org/web/20011111194455/http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Tom/bil255/bil255sum98/17_photo.html</au><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><ent>Phototaxy</ent><br/ @@ -57920,7 +57920,7 @@ For their descent, a <qex>prone</qex> and sinking land.</q> <rj><qau>Blackmore.< <hw>pronk</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To jump straight up or almost straight up; -- used of kangaroos and gazelles.</def><br/ [<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p> -<p><note>Some less common gaits used only by few animals are the ricochet, the <qex>pronk</qex> and the bound. The <i>ricochet</i> is the gait principally employed by a class of animals such as the kangaroo. The <qex>pronk</qex> is a gait used by quadrupeds such as gazelle and it is equivalent to the ricochet except that both the front and back sets of of feet perform the same action. The <i>bound</i> is used by a few small quadrupeds such as squirrels and dogs. In the <i>bound</i> support alternates between pairs of legs, with the fore and hind acting to push the body forward.</note> <qau>Ionnas Poulakakis (http://www.cim.mcgill.ca/~poulakas/legged_locomotion/gaits.html)</qau><br/ +<p><note>Some less common gaits used only by few animals are the ricochet, the <qex>pronk</qex> and the bound. The <i>ricochet</i> is the gait principally employed by a class of animals such as the kangaroo. The <qex>pronk</qex> is a gait used by quadrupeds such as gazelle and it is equivalent to the ricochet except that both the front and back sets of of feet perform the same action. The <i>bound</i> is used by a few small quadrupeds such as squirrels and dogs. In the <i>bound</i> support alternates between pairs of legs, with the fore and hind acting to push the body forward.</note> <qau>Ionnas Poulakakis (https://web.archive.org/web/20041213012817/http://www.cim.mcgill.ca/~poulakas/legged_locomotion/gaits.html)</qau><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><ent>Pronity</ent><br/ @@ -60382,7 +60382,7 @@ My journey strange, with clamorous uproar<br/ <p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians of the family <fam>Proteidae</fam> of the order <ord>Urodela</ord>, found in caves in the karst regions near the Adriatic from Trieste to Montenegro (including Slovenia, Croatia, and Herzegovina); also called the <altname>Olm</altname>, <altname>White Salamander</altname>, and <altname>Human fish</altname>; it is a true <isa>troglobiont</isa> (cave animal). They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The vestigial eyes are small and can only perceive light and dark; the legs are weak. Some were reported in Germany and France, apparently due to human intervention. It was known to Charles Darwin who wrote about cave animals in <book>The Origin of Species</book>, chapter 5.</def><br/ [<source>1913 Webster</source> + <source>PJC</source>]</p> -<p><q>The unusual Olm (<spn>Proteus anguinus</spn>, aka Cave Salamander, although no relation to the <gen>Hydromantes</gen> spp) is the only European member of the <fam>Proteidae</fam> family, the rest occurring in America. This species was only discovered in 1875 and even today is only known in about fifty caves in the limestone mountains of the region, plus one isolated location in Italy. Olms are characterised by an elongated body, white unpigmented skin, three pairs of external gills and vestigial, skin-covered eyes which can only perceive light and shadow. The Olm hunts aquatic crustaceans such as water fleas mainly by sensory organs in the skin. If washed out of their caves by heavy rainfall, olms will collect in deep pools, but they will not voluntarily leave the water. At the same time they have lungs and drown if they cannot surface at some point for air. The optimum water temperature for this species is 5-10 C. Females normally give birth to two larvae, but curiously enough if the water is warm enough (about 15 deg C) they can lay up to 80 eggs instead. A lot is still undiscovered about the lives of these mysterious creatures.</q> <au>http://www.nafcon.dircon.co.uk/euro_urodela.html</au><br/ +<p><q>The unusual Olm (<spn>Proteus anguinus</spn>, aka Cave Salamander, although no relation to the <gen>Hydromantes</gen> spp) is the only European member of the <fam>Proteidae</fam> family, the rest occurring in America. This species was only discovered in 1875 and even today is only known in about fifty caves in the limestone mountains of the region, plus one isolated location in Italy. Olms are characterised by an elongated body, white unpigmented skin, three pairs of external gills and vestigial, skin-covered eyes which can only perceive light and shadow. The Olm hunts aquatic crustaceans such as water fleas mainly by sensory organs in the skin. If washed out of their caves by heavy rainfall, olms will collect in deep pools, but they will not voluntarily leave the water. At the same time they have lungs and drown if they cannot surface at some point for air. The optimum water temperature for this species is 5-10 C. Females normally give birth to two larvae, but curiously enough if the water is warm enough (about 15 deg C) they can lay up to 80 eggs instead. A lot is still undiscovered about the lives of these mysterious creatures.</q> <au>https://web.archive.org/web/20031003060620/http://www.nafcon.dircon.co.uk/euro_urodela.html</au><br/ [<source>PJC</source>]</p> <p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A changeable protozoan; an amoeba.</def><br/ |