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+<-- Begin file 10 of 26: Letter J (Version 0.46)
+
+ This file is part 10 of the GNU version of
+ The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
+ Also referred to as GCIDE
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+
+GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING. If not, write
+to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+
+ This dictionary was derived from the
+ Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
+ Version published 1913
+ by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
+ Springfield, Mass.
+ Under the direction of
+ Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
+
+ and from
+ WordNet, a semantic network created by
+ the Cognitive Science Department
+ of Princeton University
+ under the direction of
+ Prof. George Miller
+
+ and is being updated and supplemented by
+ an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
+ around the world.
+
+ This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an
+ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
+dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
+large and freely available knowledge base. Contributions of data,
+time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
+of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
+internet. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
+knowledge base should contact:
+
+ Patrick Cassidy pc@worldsoul.org
+ 735 Belvidere Ave. Office: (908)668-5252
+ Plainfield, NJ 07062
+ (908) 561-3416
+
+ Last edit January 17, 2002.
+
+ -->
+
+<p><centered><point26>J.</point26></centered><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>J</hw> <pr>(j<amac/)</pr>. <def>J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English <xex>y</xex> in <xex>yet</xex>. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><note>In medical prescriptions <xex>j</xex> is still used in place of <xex>i</xex> at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, v<xex>j</xex>, xi<xex>j</xex>.</p>
+
+<p>J is etymologically most closely related to <xex>i</xex>, <xex>y</xex>, <xex>g</xex>; as in <xex>j</xex>ot, <xex>i</xex>ota; <xex>j</xex>est, <xex>g</xex>esture; <xex>j</xex>oin, <xex>j</xex>ugular, <xex>y</xex>oke. See <er>I</er>.</p>
+
+<p>J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to <xex>dzh</xex>. It is exactly the same as <xex>g</xex> in <xex>gem</xex>. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 179, 211, 239.</note><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jaal" goat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goat (<spn>Capra Nubiana</spn>) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also <altname>beden</altname>, and <altname>jaela</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab</hw> <pr>(j<acr/b)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Job</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust; to stab; to punch. See <er>Job</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def> <mark>[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thrust or stab.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <conjf>Jabbered</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Jabbering</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gibber</er>, <er>Gabble</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter.</def> <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; <as>as, to <ex>jabber</ex> French</as>.</def> <rj><au>Addison.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.</def> <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who jabbers.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a jabbering manner.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Jabber.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"ber*nowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Jobbernowl</er>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"i*ru</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Braz. <ets>jabir\'a3</ets>, <ets>jabur\'a3</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several large wading birds of the genera <gen>Mycteria</gen> and <gen>Xenorhynchus</gen>, allied to the storks in form and habits.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><note><hand/ The American jabiru (<spn>Mycteria Americana</spn>) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (<spn>Xenorhynchus Australis</spn>) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (<spn>Mycteria Senegalensis</spn> <it>or</it> <spn>Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis</spn>) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also <stype>saddle-billed stork</stype>.</note><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab`o*ran"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (<spn>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</spn>). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jab"o*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Jaborandi</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>\'d8Jab"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jaboticaba</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small evergreen tropical tree (<spn>Myrciaria cauliflora</spn>) native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern U. S.; it is grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> jaboticaba tree, <spn>Myrciaria cauliflora</spn>.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The tough-skinned purple grapelike tropical fruit of the jaboticaba tree (<spn>Myrciaria cauliflora</spn>), grown in Brazil.</def><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Ja*cal"</hw> <pr>(h<aum/*k<aum/l"; 239)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Amer. Sp., fr. Mex. <ets>xacalli</ets>.]</ety> <def>In Mexico and the southwestern United States, a kind of plastered house or hut, usually made by planting poles or timber in the ground, filling in between them with screen work or wickerwork, and daubing one or both sides with mud or adobe mortar; also, this method of construction.</def><br/
+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac"a*mar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>jacamar</ets>, Braz. <ets>jacamarica</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>jacamar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus <gen>Galbula</gen> and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac"a*na`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>jacania</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus <gen>Jacana</gen> and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also <altname>surgeon bird</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><note><hand/ The most common South American species is <spn>Jacana spinosa</spn>. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (<spn>Hydrophasianus chirurgus</spn>) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.</note><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac`a*ran"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>jacaranda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called <prod>king wood</prod>, <prod>tiger wood</prod>, and <prod>violet wood</prod>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac"a*re`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>jacar\'82</ets>; of Brazilian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cayman. See <er>Yacare</er>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac"chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Jacchus</ets> a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common marmoset (<spn>Hapale vulgaris</spn>). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jac"co*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Jaconet</er>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Ja"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>jacens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>jacere</ets> to lie: cf. F. <ets>jacent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying at length; <as>as, the <ex>jacent</ex> posture</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <rj><au>Sir H. Wotton.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Ja"cinth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>jacinthe</ets>, L. <ets>hyacinthus</ets>. See <er>Hyacinth</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Hyacinth</er>.</def> <rj><au>Tennyson.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw> <pr>(j<acr/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>jaca</ets>, Malayalam, <ets>tsjaka</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree, the <spn>Artocarpus integrifolia</spn>, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jak</asp>.]</altsp><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw> <pr>(j<acr/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>Jacques</ets> James, L. <ets>Jacobus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>Ya 'aq<omac/b</ets> Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. <er>Jacobite</er>, <er>Jockey</er>.]</ety><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, <sig>John</sig>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>You are John Rugby, and you are <qex>Jack</qex> Rugby.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic.</def> \'bd<xex>Jack</xex> fool.\'b8 <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>Since every <qex>Jack</qex> became a gentleman,<br/
+There 's many a gentle person made a <qex>Jack</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also <altname>Jack tar</altname>, and <altname>Jack afloat</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called <xex>Jack</xex></def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A device to pull off boots.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sawhorse or sawbuck.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke <ex>jack</ex>, or kitchen <ex>jack</ex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld> <def>A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Warping Machine)</fld> <def>A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A compact, portable machine for planing metal.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A machine for slicking or pebbling leather.</def> <sd>(k)</sd> <def>A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed.</def> <sd>(l)</sd> <def>A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught.</def> <sd>(m)</sd> <def>In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also <altname>hopper</altname>.</def> <sd>(n)</sd> <def>In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself.</def> <au>C. Hallock.</au><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body such as an automobile through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.</def> <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the <qex>jack</qex> by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>The male of certain animals, as of the ass.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young pike; a pickerel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jurel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large, California rock fish (<spn>Sebastodes paucispinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>boccaccio</altname>, and <altname>m\'82rou</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The wall-eyed pike.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>9.</sn> <def>A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <rj><au>Halliwell.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also <altname>union jack</altname>. The American <xex>jack</xex> is a small blue flag, with a star for each State.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also <altname>jack crosstree</altname>.</def> <rj><au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><-- p. 795 --></p>
+
+<p><sn>11.</sn> <def>The knave of a suit of playing cards.</def></p>
+
+<p><sn>12.</sn> <pluf>(pl.)</pluf> <def>A game played with small (metallic, with tetrahedrally oriented spikes) objects (the jacks(1950+), formerly jackstones) that are tossed, caught, picked up, and arranged on a horizontal surface in various patterns; in the modern American game, the movements are accompanied by tossing or bouncing a rubber ball on the horizontal surface supporting the jacks. same as <altname>jackstones</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>13.</sn> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[slang]</mark><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>14.</sn> <def>Apple jack.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>15.</sn> <def>Brandy.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><note><hand/ <xex>Jack</xex> is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something <xex>cut short</xex> or <xex>diminished in size</xex>; as, a <xex>jack</xex> timber; a <xex>jack</xex> rafter; a <xex>jack</xex> arch, etc.</note><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><cs><col><b>Jack arch</b></col>, <cd>an arch of the thickness of one brick.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack back</b></col> <fld>(Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st <er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack block</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack boots</b></col>, <cd>boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.</cd><-- see jack-booted --> -- <col><b>Jack crosstree</b></col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See 10, <it>b</it>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack curlew</b></col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the whimbrel.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack frame</b></col>. <fld>(Cotton Spinning)</fld> <cd>See 4 <sd>(g)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack Frost</b></col>, <cd>frost or cold weather personified as a mischievous person.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack hare</b></col>, <cd>a male hare.</cd> <au>Cowper.</au> -- <col><b>Jack lamp</b></col>, <cd>a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 <sd>(n.)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack plane</b></col>, <cd>a joiner's plane used for coarse work.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack post</b></col>, <cd>one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack pot</b></col> <fld>(Poker Playing)</fld>, <cd>the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the \'bdpot,\'b8 which is the sum total of all the bets. See also <er>jackpot</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack rabbit</b></col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (<spn>Lepus Californicus</spn>), and that of Texas and New Mexico (<spn>Lepus callotis</spn>), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (<spn>Lepus campestris</spn>) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack rafter</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack salmon</b></col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack sauce</b></col>, <cd>an impudent fellow.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. & Obs.]</mark> -- <col><b>Jack shaft</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack sinker</b></col> <fld>(Knitting Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack snipe</b></col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack staff</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack timber</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack towel</b></col>, <cd>a towel hung on a roller for common use.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack truss</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack tree</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See 1st <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col><b>Jack yard</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff.</cd></cs><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><cs><col><b>Blue jack</b></col>, <cd>blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col><b>Hydraulic jack</b></col>, <cd>a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-at-a-pinch</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-at-all-trades</b></col>, <cd>one who can turn his hand to any kind of work.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-by-the-hedge</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <gen>Erysimum</gen> (<spn>Erysimum alliaria</spn>, or <spn>Alliaria officinalis</spn>), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, <altname>sauce-alone</altname>.</cd> <au>Eng. Cyc.</au> -- <col><b>Jack-in-office</b></col>, <cd>an insolent fellow in authority.</cd> <au>Wolcott.</au> -- <col><b>Jack-in-the-bush</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical shrub with red fruit (<spn>Cordia Cylindrostachya</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-in-the-green</b></col>, <cd>a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-of-the-buttery</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the stonecrop (<spn>Sedum acre</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-of-the-clock</b></col>, <cd>a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-on-both-sides</b></col>, <cd>one who is or tries to be neutral.</cd> -- <col><b>Jack-out-of-office</b></col>, <cd>one who has been in office and is turned out.</cd> <au>Shak.</au> -- <col><b>Jack the Giant Killer</b></col>, <cd>the hero of a well-known nursery story.</cd> -- <col><b>Yellow Jack</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See <cref>Yellow flag</cref>, under <er>Flag</er>.</cd></cs><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>jaque</ets>, <ets>jacque</ets>, perh. from the proper name <ets>Jacques</ets>. Cf. <er>Jacquerie</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse and cheap medi\'91val coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>Their horsemen are with <qex>jacks</qex> for most part clad.</q> <rj><qau>Sir J. Harrington.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from its resemblance to a <ets>jack boot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also <altname>black jack</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>
+<-- = jack up --><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack`-a-dan"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"al`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers. <ets>shagh\'bel</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>jackal</ets>, F. <ets>chacal</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87\'f0g\'bela</ets>.]</ety><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><note><hand/ The common species of Southern Asia (<spn>Canis aureus</spn>) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The common African species (<spn>Canis anthus</spn>) is darker in color.</note><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <rj><au>Ld. Lytton.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"-a-lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"a*napes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>Jack o'</ets> (= <ets>of</ets>) <ets>apes</ets>; prop., a man who exhibits apes.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jackanape</asp>.]</altsp><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A monkey; an ape.</def> <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>A young upstart <qex>jackanapes</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><mhw>{ <hw>Jack`a*roo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> Also <hw>Jack`e*roo"</hw>}</mhw>. <ety>[<ets>Jack</ets> + kang<ets>aroo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A young man living as an apprentice on a sheep station, or otherwise engaged in acquainting himself with colonial life.</def> <mark>[Colloq., Australia]</mark><br/
+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack`a*roo"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be a jackaroo; to pass one's time as a jackaroo.</def> <mark>[Colloq., Australia]</mark><br/
+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"ass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d <ets>jack + ass</ets>.]</ety><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The male ass; a donkey.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead; -- disparaging and offensive.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><cs><col><b>Jackass bark</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine.</cd> -- <col><b>Jackass deer</b></col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the koba.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Jackass hare</b></col>, <col><b>Jackass rabbit</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <cref>Jack rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col><b>Jackass penguin</b></col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of penguin of the genus <gen>Spheniscus</gen>, of which several are known. One species (<spn>Spheniscus demersus</spn>) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (<spn>Spheniscus Magellanicus</spn>) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name.</cd> -- <col><b>Laughing jackass</b></col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Laughing</er>.</cd></cs><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jackboot</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>a man's high tasseled boot.</def> <mark>[19th century]</mark> <br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> Hessian boot, hessian, Wellington, Wellington boot.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong leather boot reaching up to or over the knee; it is worn mostly by soldiers.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jackbooted</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wearing jackboots; -- used especially as a metaphor for <sig>harshly repressive and militaristic</sig>; <as>as, <ex>jackbooted</ex> government agents</as>.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jackboot tactics</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[from the <ets>jackboots</ets> worn as part of the uniform of police in certain totalitarian countries.]</ety> <def>Harsh strongarm tactics; repressive, bullying and militaristic tactics like those used in authoritarian or totalitarian countries; -- used opprobriously, and often in hyperbolic exaggeration of police tactics in democratic countries.</def><br/
+[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"daw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. 2d <ets>jack</ets> + <ets>daw</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Daw</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack*een"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drunken, dissolute fellow.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark> <rj><au>S. C. Hall.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>jaquette</ets>, dim. of <ets>jaque</ets>. See 3d <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and re\'89nforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also <altname>cork jacket</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><cs><col><b>Blue jacket</b></col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Steam jacket</b></col>, <cd>a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle.</cd> -- <col><b>To dust one's jacket</b></col>, <cd>to give one a beating.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrash; to beat.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"et*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"et*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The material of a jacket; <as>as, nonconducting <ex>jacketing</ex></as>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jackhammer</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>a hammer having a strong steel cutting blade, driven by compressed air in multiple rapid strokes, and used for cutting through pavement, concrete, or other hard substances.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> air hammer, pneumatic hammer.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack-in-a-box</hw>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical tree (<spn>Hernandia sonora</spn>), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure (usually a clown) springs; also called <altname>jack-in-the-box</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also <altname>compensating gearing</altname>.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jack-in-the-pulpit</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A common American spring-flowering woodland herb (<spn>Aris\'91ma triphyllum</spn>) having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries; also called <altname>Indian turnip</altname>.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> Indian turnip, wake-robin, <spn>Arisaema triphyllum</spn>, <spn>Arisaema atrorubens</spn>.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A common European arum (<spn>Arum maculatum</spn>) with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; it emerges in early spring and is a source of a sagolike starch called <prod>arum</prod>.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> cuckoo-pint, cuckoopint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladies, <spn>Arum maculatum</spn>.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack" Ketch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>Jack</ets>, the proper name + Prov. E. <ets>ketch</ets> a hangman, fr. <ets>ketch</ets>, for <ets>catch</ets> to seize; but see the citations below.]</ety> <def>A public executioner, or hangman.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard <qex>Jaquett</qex>, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have <qex>Jack Ketch</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Lloyd's MS., British Museum.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>[Monmouth] then accosted <qex>John Ketch</qex>, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"knife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jacklight</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A portable source of light, as an oil lantern or electric light, used as a lure for hunting at night.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> jack.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>jacklight</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>to fish for or hunt with a jacklight.</def><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> jack.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]</p>
+
+<p><hw>Jack"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Jackmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d <er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><q>Christie . . . the laird's chief <qex>jackman</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A cream cheese.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <rj><au>Sir T. Elyot.</au></rj><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+
+<p><mhw><hw>Jack"-o'-lan`tern</hw>, <hw>Jack"-with-a-lan`tern</hw></mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A large orange-colored luminescent mushroom, <spn>Clitocybe illudens</spn>, also classified as <spn>Omphalotus olearius</spn>. It is poisonous and is sometimes found on hardwood tree stumps.</def> <wns>[wns=1]</wns><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> jack-a-lantern, <spn>Clitocybe illudens</spn>.</syn><br/
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>
+
+<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground; an <er>ignis fatuus</er>; a will-o'-the-wisp</def>. <wns>[wns=2]</wns>\'bd[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more <xex>jack-o'-lanterns</xex> to the future historian.\'b8 <au>Lowell.</au><br/
+<syn><b>Syn. --</b> friar's lantern, ignis fatu