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+<p><-- Begin file 24 of 26:  Letter X (Version 0.46) 

+        

+           This file is part 24 of the GNU version of

+     The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

+               Also referred to as GCIDE

+  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

+

+GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)

+any later version.

+

+GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

+GNU General Public License for more details.

+

+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

+along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, write 

+to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,

+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

+           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

+

+           This dictionary was derived from the

+         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

+                 Version published 1913

+               by the  C. & G. Merriam Co.

+                   Springfield, Mass.

+                 Under the direction of

+                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

+

+                        and from

+           WordNet, a semantic network created by

+              the Cognitive Science Department

+                 of Princeton University

+                  under the direction of

+                   Prof. George Miller

+

+             and is being updated and supplemented by

+         an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from

+                       around the world.

+

+     This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an 

+ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic

+dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a

+large and freely available knowledge base.  Contributions of data,

+time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation

+of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the

+internet.  Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a

+knowledge base should contact:

+

+     Patrick Cassidy          pc@worldsoul.org

+     735 Belvidere Ave.       Office: (908)668-5252

+     Plainfield, NJ 07062

+     (908) 561-3416

+

+   Last edit January 17, 2002.

+

+ --></p>

+

+<p><centered><point26>X.</point26></centered></p>

+

+<p><hw>X</hw> <pr>(<ecr/ks)</pr>. <def>X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of <xex>ks</xex>), as in <xex>wax</xex>; a compound vocal sound (that of <xex>gz</xex>), as in <xex>example</xex>; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of <it>z</it>), as in <xex>xanthic</xex>.  See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 217, 270, 271.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><note> The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek <CHI/, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of <xex>ks</xex>, though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of <xex>k</xex>.</note><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xanth*am"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xanth</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, <chform>C2H5O.CS.NH2</chform>; -- called also <altname>xanthogen amide</altname>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xanthic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of xanthic; a xanthogenate.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan`the*las"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>'e`lasma</grk> a metal plate.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Xanthoma</er>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <etsep>Xanthus</etsep>, an ancient town on Asia Minor; -- applied especially to certain marbles found near that place, and now in the British Museum.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow: cf. F. <ets>xanthique</ets>.]</ety><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors, green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color; <as>as, <ex>xanthic</ex> acid</as>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthin.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><cs><col><b>Xanthic acid</b></col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy, astringent, colorless oil, <chform>C2H5O.CS.SH</chform>, having a pungent odor. It is produced by leading carbon disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. So called from the yellow color of many of its salts. Called also <altname>xanthogenic acid</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Xanthic colors</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those colors (of flowers) having some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to <contr>cyanic colors</contr>.  See under <er>Cyanic</er>.</cd></cs><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xantho-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or derivative of xanthogen.</def>  <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan*thid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Xanthidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute unicellular alg\'91 of the desmids. These alg\'91 have a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate or branched aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and others are found fossil in flint or hornstone.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>same as <er>xanthine</er>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow insoluble coloring matter extracted from yellow flowers; specifically, the coloring matter of madder.</def>  <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>xanthein</asp>.]</altsp><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably identical with carbon disulphide.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><mhw>{ <hw>Xan"thine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> Also <hw>Xan"thin</hw>  }</mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A type of purine obtainable as a white microcrystalline powder, <chform>C5H4O2N4</chform>, present in muscle tissue, in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and other organs, and also in urine (in small quantities) and some urinary calculi, and in the juices of certain plants; -- so called because it leaves a yellow residue when evaporated to dryness with nitric acid. It is also present in guano.  Xanthine is closely related to uric acid.</def><br/

+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"thi*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + qu<ets>inine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric acid, produced as a white powder; -- so called because it forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a blue fluorescence like quinine.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan"thi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xa`nqion</grk> a plant used for dyeing the hair yellow, said to be the <spn>Xanthium strumarium</spn>, from <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants in which the scales of the involucre are united so as to form a kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow; as in <ex>xantho</ex>cobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having yellow fruit.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan*thoch"ro*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.  See <er>Xanthochroic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the lighter-colored members.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><q>The <qex>Xanthochroi</qex>, or fair whites, . . . are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as Hindostan.</q> <rj><qau>Tylor.</qau></rj><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*chro"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>chro`a</grk> color.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*chroid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See under <er>Xanthrochroic</er>, <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Having a yellowish or fair complexion.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A person having xanthochroid traits.</def></def2><br/

+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan*thoch"ro*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abnormal coloration of feathers in which yellow replaces the normal color, as in certain parrots. It is commonly due to lack of the dark pigment which with yellow forms green.</def><br/

+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*don"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, tooth.]</ety> <def>Having yellow teeth.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of xanthic acid.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Persulphocyanogen.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*gen*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of xanthic acid.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Xantho-</er>, and <er>-gen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic.  See <cref>Xanthic acid</cref>, under <er>Xanthic</er>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan*tho"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.  See <er>Xantho-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A skin disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; -- called also <altname>xanthelasma</altname>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan*thom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to xanthoma.</def><br/

+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*mel"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>xantho-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lighter division of the Melanochroi, or those races having an olive or yellow complexion and black hair.</def><br/

+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fai`nein</grk> to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the retina in animals.  See <er>Chromophane</er>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*phyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fy`llon</grk> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly called also <altname>phylloxanthin</altname>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"tho*pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a yellow stipe, or stem.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*pro*te"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the characters of xanthoprotein; <as>as, <ex>xanthoproteic</ex> acid; the <ex>xanthoproteic</ex> reaction for albumin.</as></def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*pro"te*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric acid on albuminous or proteid matter. It is changed to a deep orange-yellow color by the addition of ammonia.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*puc"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + <ets>pucc</ets>oon + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>). It is a yellow crystalline substance, and resembles berberine.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*rham"nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Xantho-</ets> + NL. <ets>Rhamnus</ets>, the generic name of the plant bearing Persian berries.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan`tho*rhi"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>"ri`za</grk> root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the species <spn>Xanthorhiza apiifolia</spn>, which has roots of a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><-- p. 1671 --><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>\'d8Xan`tho*rh\'d2"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>xanqo`s</grk> yellow + <grk>"rei^n</grk> to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike leaves.  See <er>Grass tree</er>.</def><br/

+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

+

+<p><hw>Xan"those</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain crabs.</def><br/