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authorSergey Poznyakoff <gray@gnu.org.ua>2012-01-30 00:20:27 +0200
committerSergey Poznyakoff <gray@gnu.org.ua>2012-01-30 00:20:27 +0200
commitbd6548fbc168f347e3bd02ac58831657eef256f4 (patch)
tree6112bac3783774aab09c8506fe3828334d59daeb /CIDE.V
parent4424077e52ae8b42ed409e5eb2ee6b305cfbb58e (diff)
downloadgcide-bd6548fbc168f347e3bd02ac58831657eef256f4.tar.gz
gcide-bd6548fbc168f347e3bd02ac58831657eef256f4.tar.bz2
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-<p><-- Begin file 22 of 26: Letter V (Version 0.46)
-
- This file is part 22 of the GNU version of
- The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- Also referred to as GCIDE
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-
-GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-any later version.
-
-GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING. If not, write
-to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-
- This dictionary was derived from the
- Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
- Version published 1913
- by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
- Springfield, Mass.
- Under the direction of
- Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
-
- and from
- WordNet, a semantic network created by
- the Cognitive Science Department
- of Princeton University
- under the direction of
- Prof. George Miller
-
- and is being updated and supplemented by
- an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
- around the world.
-
- This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an
-ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
-dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
-large and freely available knowledge base. Contributions of data,
-time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
-of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
-internet. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
-knowledge base should contact:
-
- Patrick Cassidy pc@worldsoul.org
- 735 Belvidere Ave. Office: (908)668-5252
- Plainfield, NJ 07062
- (908) 561-3416
-
- Last edit January 17, 2002.
-
---></p>
-
-<p><centered><point26>V.</point26></centered><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>V</hw> <pr>(v<emac/)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see <er>U</er>). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English <it>w</it>) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel <UPSILON/ (see <er>Y</er>), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma <universbold>F</universbold> (see <er>F</er>), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically <xex>v</xex> is most nearly related to <xex>u</xex>, <xex>w</xex>, <xex>f</xex>, <xex>b</xex>, <xex>p</xex>; as in <xex>v</xex>ine, <xex>w</xex>ine; a<xex>v</xex>oirdupois, ha<xex>b</xex>it, ha<xex>v</xex>e; sa<xex>f</xex>e, sa<xex>v</xex>e; tro<xex>v</xex>er, trou<xex>b</xex>adour, tro<xex>p</xex>e. See U, F, etc.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/ 265; also <sect/<sect/ 155, 169, 178-179, etc.<br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>As a numeral, V stands for five, in English and Latin.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vaag"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>v\'begmeri</ets> a kind of flounder, literally, wave mare.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dealfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vaagm\'91r</asp>, and <asp>vaagmar</asp>.]</altsp><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va"can*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Vacancies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vacance</ets>.]</ety><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>All dispositions to idleness or <qex>vacancy</qex>, even before they are habits, are dangerous.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is vacant.</def> Specifically: --<br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(a)</sd> <def>Empty space; vacuity; vacuum.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>How is't with you,<br/
-That you do bend your eye on <qex>vacancy</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>An open or unoccupied space between bodies or things; an interruption of continuity; chasm; gap; <as>as, a <ex>vacancy</ex> between buildings; a <ex>vacancy</ex> between sentences or thoughts</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>Unemployed time; interval of leisure; time of intermission; vacation.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Time lost partly in too oft idle <qex>vacancies</qex> given both to schools and universities.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>No interim, not a minute's <qex>vacancy</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Those little <qex>vacancies</qex> from toil are sweet.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(d)</sd> <def>A place or post unfilled; an unoccupied office; <as>as, a <ex>vacancy</ex> in the senate, in a school, etc.</as></def>
-<-- an unrented apartment, room in a hotel, motel, etc. --><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va"cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vacans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vacare</ets> to be empty, to be free or unoccupied, to have leisure, also <ets>vocare</ets>; akin to <ets>vacuus</ets> empty, and probably to E. <ets>void</ets>. Cf. <er>Evacuate</er>, <er>Void</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Deprived of contents; not filled; empty; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> room</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Stuffs out his <qex>vacant</qex> garments with his form.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Being of those virtues <qex>vacant</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>There is no fireside, howsoe'er defended,<br/
-But has one <qex>vacant</qex> chair.</q> <rj><qau>Longfellow.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Unengaged with business or care; unemployed; unoccupied; disengaged; free; <as>as, <ex>vacant</ex> hours</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Religion is the interest of all; but philosophy of those . . . at leisure, and <qex>vacant</qex> from the affairs of the world.</q> <rj><qau>Dr. H. More.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>There was not a minute of the day which he left <qex>vacant</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Fell.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Not filled or occupied by an incumbent, possessor, or officer; unoccupied; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> throne; a <ex>vacant</ex> house; a <ex>vacant</ex> apartment; a <ex>vacant</ex> parish</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>Special dignities which <qex>vacant</qex> lie<br/
-For thy best use and wearing.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Empty of thought; thoughtless; not occupied with study or reflection; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> mind</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>The duke had a pleasant and <qex>vacant</qex> face.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>When on my couch I lie<br/
-In <qex>vacant</qex> or in pensive mood.</q> <rj><qau>Wordsworth.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Abandoned; having no heir, possessor, claimant, or occupier; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> estate</as>.</def> <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><cs><col><b>Vacant succession</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one that is claimed by no person, or where all the heirs are unknown, or where all the known heirs to it have renounced it.</cd> <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj>
-</cs><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Empty; void; devoid; free; unemployed; disengaged; unincumbered; uncrowded; idle.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Vacant</er>, <er>Empty</er>. A thing is <xex>empty</xex> when there is nothing in it; <as>as, an <ex>empty</ex> room, or an <ex>empty</ex> noddle</as>. <xex>Vacant</xex> adds the idea of having been previously filled, or intended to be filled or occupied; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> seat at table; a <ex>vacant</ex> office; <ex>vacant</ex> hours</as>. When we speak of a <xex>vacant</xex> look or a <xex>vacant</xex> mind, we imply the absence of the intelligence naturally to be expected there.</usage><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va"cant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a vacant manner; inanely.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vacated</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vacating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>vacare</ets>, <ets>vacatum</ets>, to be empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make vacant; to leave empty; to cease from filling or occupying; <as>as, it was resolved by Parliament that <persfn>James</persfn> had <ex>vacated</ex> the throne of England; the tenant <ex>vacated</ex> the house.</as></def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To annul; to make void; to deprive of force; to make of no authority or validity; <as>as, to <ex>vacate</ex> a commission or a charter; to <ex>vacate</ex> proceedings in a cause.</as></def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>That after act <qex>vacating</qex> the authority of the precedent.</q> <rj><qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>The necessity of observing the Jewish Sabbath was <qex>vacated</qex> by the apostolical institution of the Lord's Day.</q> <rj><qau>R. Nelson.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To defeat; to put an end to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>He <qex>vacates</qex> my revenge.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vacatio</ets> a being free from a duty, service, etc., fr. <ets>vacare</ets>. See <er>Vacate</er>.]</ety><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of vacating; a making void or of no force; <as>as, the <ex>vacation</ex> of an office or a charter</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Intermission of a stated employment, procedure, or office; a period of intermission; rest; leisure.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><q>It was not in his nature, however, at least till years had chastened it, to take any <qex>vacation</qex> from controversy.</q> <rj><qau>Palfrey.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>Hence, specifically: -<br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Intermission of judicial proceedings; the space of time between the end of one term and the beginning of the next; nonterm; recess.</def> \'bdWith lawyers in the <xex>vacation</xex>.\'b8 <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A period of intermission of regular paid work or employment, or of studies and exercises at an educational institution; the time during which a person temporarily ceases regular duties of any kind and performs other activites, usually some form of liesure; holidays; recess (at a school); <as>as, the spring <ex>vacation</ex>; to spend one's <ex>vacation</ex> travelling; to paint the house while on <ex>vacation</ex></as>. <ex>Vacation</ex> is typically used for rest, travel, or recreation, but may be used for any purpose. In Britain this sense of <ex>vacation</ex> is usually referred to as <altname>holiday</altname>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>The time when an office is vacant;</def> <specif>esp.</specif> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <def>the time when a see, or other spiritual dignity, is vacant.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>\'d8<hw>Va*ca"tur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., it is made void, fr. L. <ets>vacare</ets> to be empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An order of court by which a proceeding is set aside or annulled.</def><br/
-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>vaccarium</ets>, from L. <ets>vacca</ets> cow. Cf. <er>Vachery</er>.]</ety> <def>A cow house, dairy house, or cow pasture.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <rj><au>Wright.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>\'d8<hw>Vac*ci"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Vaccinia.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"ci*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to vaccinia or vaccination.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vaccinated</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vaccinating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[See <er>Vaccine</er>.]</ety> <def>To inoculate with the cowpox by means of a virus, called <xex>vaccine</xex>, taken either directly or indirectly from cows; now, generally, to administer (by injection or otherwise) any vaccine with the objective of rendering the recipient immune to an infectious disease. One who has been thus immunized by vaccination is said to be <col>vaccinated against</col> a particular disease. One may be thus immunized (vaccinated) also by oral ingestion or inhalation of a vaccine.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox. Cf. <er>Inoculation</er>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><note><hand/ In recent use, <xex>vaccination</xex> sometimes includes inoculation with any virus as a preventive measure; <as>as, <ex>vaccination</ex> against cholera</as>.</note><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any inoculation intended to raise immunity to a disease.</def><br/
-[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"ci*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, vaccinates.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"cine</hw> <pr>(v<acr/k"s<imac/n <it>or</it> v<acr/k"s<icr/n; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vaccinus</ets>, fr. <ets>vacca</ets> a cow; cf. Skr. <ets>v\'be<cced/</ets> to bellow, to groan.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or caused by, vaccinia; <as>as, <ex>vaccine</ex> virus; the <ex>vaccine</ex> disease</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a vaccine or vaccination.</def><br/
-[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"cine</hw> <pr>(v<acr/k*s<emac/n" <it>or</it> v<acr/k"s<emac/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. Since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism have also been used. Some of these are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.</def><br/
-[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Computers)</fld> <def>A program designed to protect a computer from software viruses, by detecting and or eliminating them.</def><br/
-[<source>PJC</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"cine point`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Point</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 26.</def><br/
-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
-
-<p>\'d8<hw>Vac*cin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Vaccine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cowpox; vaccina. See <er>Cowpox</er>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"ci*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vaccinator.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>\'d8<hw>Vac*cin"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the blueberry, or whortleberry.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous shrubs including the various kinds of blueberries and the true cranberries.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p>\'d8<hw>Va`cher"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from <ets>vache</ets> a cow. Cf. <er>Vaquero</er>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of stock or cattle; a herdsman.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U. S.]</mark><-- a cowboy --> <rj><au>Bartlett.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vach"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vacherie</ets>, from <ets>vache</ets> a cow, L. <ets>vacca</ets>. Cf. <er>Vaccary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosure for cows.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A dairy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <rj><au>Prompt. Parv.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Va`chette" clasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vachette</ets> cowhide leather used for ligatures.]</ety> <fld>(Veter.)</fld> <def>A piece of strong steel wire with the ends curved and pointed, used on toe or quarter cracks to bind the edges together and prevent motion. It is clasped into two notches, one on each side of the crack, burned into the wall with a cautery iron.</def><br/
-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"il*lan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vacillant, or wavering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"il*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vacillare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>vacillant</ets>. See <er>Vacillate</er>.]</ety> <def>Vacillating; wavering; fluctuating; irresolute.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
-
-<p><hw>Vac"il*late</hw> <pr>(v<acr/s"<icr/l*l<amac/t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vacillated</conjf> <pr>(v<acr/s"<icr/l*l<amac/`t<ecr/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vacillating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillare</ets>, <ets>vacillatum</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>va<ntil/c</ets>.]</ety><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To move one way and the other; to reel or stagger; to waver.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>[A spheroid] is always liable to shift and <qex>vacillate</qex>from one axis to another.</q> <rj><qau>Paley.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fluctuate in mind or opinion; to be unsteady or inconstant; to waver.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- See <er>Fluctuate</er>.</syn><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"il*la`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to fluctuate; wavering.</def> <au>Tennyson.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Vac"il*la`ting*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>vacillation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of vacillating; a moving one way and the other; a wavering.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>His <qex>vacillations</qex>, always exhibited most pitiably in emergencies.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Unsteadiness of purpose; changeableness.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>There is a <qex>vacillation</qex>, or an alternation of knowledge and doubt.</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"il*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to vacillate; wavering; irresolute.</def> <rj><au>Hawthorne.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vacuare</ets> to empty, from <ets>vacuus</ets> empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <def>To make void, or empty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of emptying; evacuation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vacuiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter, is a vacuum; -- opposed to <contr>plenist</contr>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Va*cu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(v<adot/*k<umac/"<icr/*t<ycr/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuitas</ets>. See <er>Vacuous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being vacuous, or not filled; emptiness; vacancy; <as>as, <ex>vacuity</ex> of mind; <ex>vacuity</ex> of countenance</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>Hunger is such a state of <qex>vacuity</qex> as to require a fresh supply of aliment.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied with an invisible fluid only; emptiness; void; vacuum.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>A <qex>vacuity</qex> is interspersed among the particles of matter.</q> <rj><qau>Bentley.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>God . . . alone can answer all our longings and fill every <qex>vacuity</qex> of our soul.</q> <rj><qau>Rogers.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Want of reality; inanity; nihility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>Their expectations will meet with <qex>vacuity</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p>\'d8<hw>Va*cu"na</hw> <pr>(v<adot/*k<umac/"n<adot/)</pr>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <ety>[L. fr. <ets>vacuus</ets> unoccupied.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of rural leisure, to whom the husbandmen sacrificed at the close of the harvest. She was especially honored by the Sabines.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*o*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Full of vacuoles, or small air cavities; <as>as, <ex>vacuolated</ex> cells</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Formation into, or multiplication of, vacuoles.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuus</ets> empty: cf. F. <ets>vacuole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small air cell, or globular space, in the interior of organic cells, either containing air, or a pellucid watery liquid, or some special chemical secretions of the cell protoplasm.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><cs><col><b>Contractile vacuole</b></col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Contractile</er>, and see <xex>Illusts</xex>. of <er>Infusoria</er>, and <er>Lobosa</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Food vacuole</b></col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Food</er>, and see <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Infusoria</er>.</cd></cs><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac`u*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Vacuum</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for the comparison of barometers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for the measurement of low pressures.</def><br/
-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*ous</hw> <pr>(v<acr/k"<usl/*<ucr/s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuus</ets>. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <def>Empty; unfilled; void; vacant.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>Boundless the deep, because I am who fill<br/
-Infinitude; nor <qex>vacuous</qex> the space.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>That the few may lead selfish and <qex>vacuous</qex> days.</q> <rj><qau>J. Morley.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vacuous; emptiness; vacuity.</def> <rj><au>W. Montagu.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*um</hw> <pr>(v<acr/k"<usl/*<ucr/m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Vacuums</plw> <pr>(v<acr/k"<usl/*<ucr/mz)</pr>, L. <plw>Vacua</plw> <pr>(v<acr/k"<usl/*<adot/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>vacuus</ets> empty. See <er>Vacuous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A space entirely devoid of matter (called also, by way of distinction, <xex>absolute vacuum</xex>); hence, in a more general sense, a space, as the interior of a closed vessel, which has been exhausted to a high or the highest degree by an air pump or other artificial means; <as>as, water boils at a reduced temperature in a <ex>vacuum</ex></as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><-- p. 1591 pr=PI--><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>vacuum</ex> of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch</as>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><cs><col><b>Vacuum brake</b></col>, <cd>a kind of continuous brake operated by exhausting the air from some appliance under each car, and so causing the pressure of the atmosphere to apply the brakes.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum pan</b></col> <fld>(Technol.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of large closed metallic retort used in sugar making for boiling down sirup. It is so connected with an exhausting apparatus that a partial vacuum is formed within. This allows the evaporation and concentration to take place at a lower atmospheric pressure and hence also at a lower temperature, which largely obviates the danger of burning the sugar, and shortens the process.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum pump</b></col>. <cd>Same as <er>Pulsometer</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum tube</b></col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>a glass tube provided with platinum electrodes and exhausted, for the passage of the electrical discharge; a Geissler tube.</cd> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>any tube used in electronic devices, containing a vacuum and used to control the flow of electrons in a circuit, as a vacuum diode, triode, tetrode, or pentode.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum valve</b></col>, <cd>a safety valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, in order to prevent collapse.</cd> -- <col><b>Torricellian vacuum</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Torricellian</er>.</cd></cs><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vac"u*um clean"er</hw>. <def>A machine for cleaning carpets, tapestry, upholstered work, etc., by suction; -- sometimes called a <altname>vacuum</altname>.</def><br/
-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>
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-<p>\'d8<hw>Va*dan"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>vadans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vadare</ets> to wade, to ford.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial group of birds including the wading, swimming, and cursorial birds.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vade</hw> <pr>(v<amac/d)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>fade</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fade; hence, to vanish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd Summer leaves all <xex>vaded</xex>.\'b8 <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>They into dust shall <qex>vade</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Va`de me"cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., go with me.]</ety> <def>A book or other thing that a person carries with him as a constant companion; a manual; a handbook.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vad"i*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vadimonium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bond or pledge for appearance before a judge on a certain day.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p>\'d8<hw>Va"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., from L. <ets>vas</ets>, <ets>vadis</ets>, bail.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pledge; security; bail. See <er>Mortgage</er>.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><cs><col><b>Vadium vivum</b></col> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a living pledge, which exists where an estate is granted until a debt is paid out of its proceeds.</cd></cs><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Voe</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Va"frous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vafer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crafty; cunning; sly; <as>as, <ex>vafrous</ex> tricks</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <rj><au>Feltham.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vagabundus</ets>, from <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll about, from <ets>vagus</ets> strolling. See <er>Vague</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving from place to place without a settled habitation; wandering.</def> \'bd<xex>Vagabond</xex> exile.\'b8 <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>To heaven their prayers<br/
-Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds<br/
-Blown <qex>vagabond</qex> or frustrate.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Being a vagabond; strolling and idle or vicious.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who wanders from place to place, having no fixed dwelling, or not abiding in it, and usually without the means of honest livelihood; a vagrant; a tramp; hence, a worthless person; a rascal.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>A fugitive and a <qex>vagabond</qex> shalt thou be.</q> <rj><qau>Gen. iv. 12.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><note><hand/ In English and American law, <xex>vagabond</xex> is used in bad sense, denoting one who is without a home; a strolling, idle, worthless person. <xex>Vagabonds</xex> are described in old English statutes as \'bdsuch as wake on the night and sleep on the day, and haunt customable taverns and alehouses, and routs about; and no man wot from whence they came, nor whither they go.\'b8 In American law, the term <xex>vagrant</xex> is employed in the same sense. Cf <er>Rogue</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1. <rj><au>Burrill.</au> <au>Bouvier.</au></rj>
-</note><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the vagabond; to wander like a vagabond; to stroll.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>On every part my <qex>vagabonding</qex> sight<br/
-Did cast, and drown mine eyes in sweet delight.</q> <rj><qau>Drummond.</qau></rj><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vagabondage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of a vagabond; a state or habit of wandering about in idleness; vagrancy.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vagabondage.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the vagabond; to wander about in idleness.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vagabondage.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Va"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vagus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the vagus, or pneumogastric nerves; pneumogastric.</def><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><hw>Va"gan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L. <ets>vagans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Vagantes</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering; vagrancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/
-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
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-<p><q>A t