Fix line terminations, remove GNUCIDE.DIR

6 files changed, 2589 insertions, 2625 deletions

diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index bfe01e4..b62dadc 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -1,340 +1,340 @@
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

-		       Version 2, June 1991

-

- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

-                          675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

-                          617-542-5942

- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

-

-			    Preamble

-

-  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your

-freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public

-License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free

-software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This

-General Public License applies to most of the Free Software

-Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to

-using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by

-the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to

-your programs, too.

-

-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not

-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you

-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for

-this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it

-if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it

-in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

-

-  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid

-anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.

-These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you

-distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

-

-  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether

-gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that

-you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the

-source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their

-rights.

-

-  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and

-(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,

-distribute and/or modify the software.

-

-  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain

-that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free

-software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we

-want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so

-that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original

-authors' reputations.

-

-  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software

-patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free

-program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the

-program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any

-patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

-

-  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and

-modification follow.

-

-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

-   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

-

-  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains

-a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed

-under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,

-refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"

-means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:

-that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,

-either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another

-language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in

-the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

-

-Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not

-covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of

-running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program

-is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the

-Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).

-Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

-

-  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's

-source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you

-conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate

-copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the

-notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;

-and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License

-along with the Program.

-

-You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and

-you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

-

-  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion

-of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and

-distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1

-above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

-

-    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices

-    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

-

-    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in

-    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any

-    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third

-    parties under the terms of this License.

-

-    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively

-    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such

-    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an

-    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a

-    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide

-    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under

-    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this

-    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but

-    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on

-    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

-

-These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If

-identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,

-and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in

-themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those

-sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you

-distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based

-on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of

-this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the

-entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

-

-Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest

-your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to

-exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or

-collective works based on the Program.

-

-In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program

-with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of

-a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under

-the scope of this License.

-

-  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,

-under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of

-Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

-

-    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable

-    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections

-    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

-

-    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three

-    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your

-    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete

-    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be

-    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium

-    customarily used for software interchange; or,

-

-    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer

-    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is

-    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you

-    received the program in object code or executable form with such

-    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

-

-The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for

-making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source

-code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any

-associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to

-control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a

-special exception, the source code distributed need not include

-anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary

-form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the

-operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component

-itself accompanies the executable.

-

-If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering

-access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent

-access to copy the source code from the same place counts as

-distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not

-compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

-

-  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program

-except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt

-otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is

-void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

-However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under

-this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such

-parties remain in full compliance.

-

-  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not

-signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or

-distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are

-prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by

-modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the

-Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and

-all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying

-the Program or works based on it.

-

-  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the

-Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the

-original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to

-these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further

-restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.

-You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to

-this License.

-

-  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent

-infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),

-conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or

-otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not

-excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot

-distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this

-License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you

-may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent

-license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by

-all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then

-the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to

-refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

-

-If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under

-any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to

-apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other

-circumstances.

-

-It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any

-patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any

-such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the

-integrity of the free software distribution system, which is

-implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made

-generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed

-through that system in reliance on consistent application of that

-system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing

-to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot

-impose that choice.

-

-This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to

-be a consequence of the rest of this License.

-

-  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in

-certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the

-original copyright holder who places the Program under this License

-may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding

-those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among

-countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates

-the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

-

-  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions

-of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will

-be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to

-address new problems or concerns.

-

-Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program

-specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any

-later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions

-either of that version or of any later version published by the Free

-Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of

-this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software

-Foundation.

-

-  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free

-programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author

-to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free

-Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes

-make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals

-of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and

-of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

-

-			    NO WARRANTY

-

-  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY

-FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN

-OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES

-PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED

-OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

-MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS

-TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE

-PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,

-REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

-

-  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING

-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR

-REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,

-INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING

-OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED

-TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY

-YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER

-PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE

-POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

-

-		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

-

-	Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

-

-  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest

-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it

-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

-

-  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest

-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively

-convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least

-the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

-

-    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>

-    Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>

-

-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or

-    (at your option) any later version.

-

-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

-    GNU General Public License for more details.

-

-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

-    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

-

-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

-

-If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this

-when it starts in an interactive mode:

-

-    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author

-    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.

-    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it

-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

-

-The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate

-parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may

-be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be

-mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

-

-You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your

-school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if

-necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

-

-  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program

-  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

-

-  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989

-  Ty Coon, President of Vice

-

-This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into

-proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may

-consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the

-library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General

-Public License instead of this License.

+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+                          675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
+                          617-542-5942
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/GNUCIDE.DIR b/GNUCIDE.DIR
deleted file mode 100644
index cc416a7..0000000
--- a/GNUCIDE.DIR
+++ b/dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-CIDE     A       3,680,387  04-10-02  9:29a CIDE.A

-CIDE     B       3,154,243  04-10-02  9:32a CIDE.B

-CIDE     C       5,525,332  04-10-02  9:33a CIDE.C

-CIDE     D       3,370,374  04-10-02  9:35a cide.d

-CIDE     E       2,289,630  01-17-02 10:58p CIDE.E

-CIDE     F       2,453,360  01-17-02 11:00p CIDE.F

-CIDE     G       1,795,200  04-10-02  9:37a CIDE.G

-CIDE     H       2,086,911  01-17-02 11:04p CIDE.H

-CIDE     I       2,390,954  01-17-02 11:06p CIDE.I

-CIDE     J         497,623  01-17-02 11:07p CIDE.J

-CIDE     K         460,759  01-17-02 11:08p CIDE.K

-CIDE     L       2,001,288  01-17-02 11:10p CIDE.L

-CIDE     M       2,977,038  01-17-02 11:12p CIDE.M

-CIDE     N       1,054,928  01-17-02 11:16p CIDE.N

-CIDE     O       1,404,418  01-17-02 11:18p CIDE.O

-CIDE     P       4,645,196  04-10-02  9:41a CIDE.P

-CIDE     Q         312,451  04-10-02  9:43a CIDE.Q

-CIDE     R       2,673,840  01-17-02 11:25p CIDE.R

-CIDE     S       6,331,172  04-10-02  9:46a CIDE.S

-CIDE     T       2,985,967  01-17-02 11:30p CIDE.T

-CIDE     U         963,375  01-17-02 11:32p CIDE.U

-CIDE     V         962,468  01-17-02 11:33p CIDE.V

-CIDE     W       1,569,184  01-17-02 11:35p CIDE.W

-CIDE     X          48,494  01-17-02 11:36p CIDE.X

-CIDE     Y         182,838  01-17-02 11:38p CIDE.Y

-CIDE     Z         134,301  01-17-02 11:41p CIDE.Z

-README   DIC        13,775  01-17-02 11:55p readme.dic

-GNUCIDE  DIR         1,899  04-10-02  9:58a GNUCIDE.DIR

-PRONUNC  JPG     2,569,796  06-18-00  3:11p PRONUNC.JPG

-PRONUNC  WEB        14,312  06-18-00  3:02p PRONUNC.WEB

-SYMBOLS  JPG       144,716  06-18-00  3:13p SYMBOLS.JPG

-TAGSET   WEB        55,843  08-16-01  1:16p TAGSET.WEB

-WEBFONT  ASC        35,234  12-12-01  3:27p WEBFONT.ASC

-WXXVII   JPG     1,188,380  06-18-00  3:19p WXXVII.JPG

-COPYING             18,361  02-11-02  4:02p COPYING

-        35 file(s)     59,994,047 bytes

diff --git a/PRONUNC.WEB b/PRONUNC.WEB
index 39ed073..325f8ce 100644
--- a/PRONUNC.WEB
+++ b/PRONUNC.WEB
@@ -1,318 +1,318 @@
-file PRONUNC.WEB

-================

-   This file gives a number of examples of pronunciation, 

-using the entity symbols representing the pronunciations as

-found in the 1913 Webster unabridged dictionary.  Not all

-vowel sounds are given here, but the examples should allow one 

-to recognize the characters and recall the symbols used to 

-represent them.  The set of symbols used for pronunciation 

-is different from that used in most modern dictionaries,

-but a more worrisome problem is that the pronuncitions themselves 

-seem in many cases to differ from modern usage.  The places of

-the strong and weak accent are, however, in every case

-examined the same as in modern dictionaries.  Anyone who is 

-willing to work at revising the pronunciations to reflect modern

-usage or modern symbols should contact PJC.

-

-

-         Pronunciations  in the 1913 Webster ASCII version

-         =================================================

-

-Syllables:

-----------------

-    in pronunciations, the short hyphen used in the printed version as a 

-syllable-break is represented in the ASCII version by an asterisk (*).

-    the main (heavy) accent is represented by a double-quote (").

-    the secondary (light) accent is represented by a left-single-quote

-(grave accent) (`)

-    the hyphen in hyphenated words is represented by the ASCII hypen (-).

-    where an accent occurs, no other syllable break is used.

-    sometimes a hyphen occurs after an accent.

-    ------------------------------------------------

-

-Consonants:

-    Most consonants have their normal value in the pronunciations,

-but there are a few special characters, as the n-submacron and the

-"th" ligature.  See the end of the "special characters" section.

-

-Special characters:

---------------------

-   The special characters are represented by two different sets of

-symbols: (1) the RTF-format hexadecimal codes such as \'94 for

-o-umlaut, meaning that the byte code is hexadecimal 94.  These

-are used only for those symbols which have been designed into a 

-special font set for this dictionary.  The font set can only be used

-in a DOS system; or

-(2) an "entity" symbol  using "<" and "/" as opening and closing

-delimiters, with a mnemonic string between.  In the case of o-umlaut 

-the symbol is <oum/.  For the vowels, the system is consistent,

-thus <aum/ is a-umlaut, and <ium/ is i-umlaut, etc.

-   These delimiters are used in preference to the HTML-style

-(e.g. &auml;) delimiters because of the heavy use of ampersands in

-the dictionary, to minimize file length.  For the same reason,

-the codes within the delimiters are generally shorter than the 

-corresponding ISO 8879 codes ( <aum/ rather than &auml; ).

-   For this discussion, I will use the "entity" coding.  The

-equivalent hexadecimal codes, where they exist, will be found in

-the tables in the file "webfont.asc".

-

-   The pronunciation system of the 1913 Webster has three peculiarities

-relative to systems used in recent dictionaries.

-(1) a more complex set of symbols are used. This is evident, for

-    example, where the long vowels have different symbols whether

-    they are used in stressed or unstressed syllables.  Thus

-    long a in "acre" or "chaos"is represented as a-macron (<amac/ in 

-    our notation).  But in "chaotic" or "connate" or "comate" it is 

-    represented as a symbol looking like a-macron, but with a short 

-    ascender in the middle of the macron above the a.  This is denoted 

-    <asl/ ("a semilong") in our notation.

-

-    Also, some sounds have more than one symbol.  Thus, there are several

-    symbols using "y" with a diacritical mark above, representing

-    identical sounds using "i" or "e", but used in those cases where the

-    written word has a "y" in it.  So words ending in "y" with 

-    pronunciations like the unaccented long "e" usually have 

-    a y-breve (<ycr/) in the pronunciation.  Why?  Apparently,

-    just to look more like the spelling.  In these cases its

-    meaning is unambuiguous.

-

-(2) The indicated pronunciations themselves are in some cases 

-    different from what one would find in a modern dictionary.

-    In part this is due to differences among orthoepists with

-    different notions of how a word should sound, and possibly

-    it is due to differences in the pronunciation between 1890,

-    when British pronunciations may have had more influence, and 

-    the present.  Thus we see that words ending in -"ties",

-    which are given the pronunciation "-t<icr/z", which sounds

-    like "tizz", whereas I have always heard such words pronounced

-    with a long "e", as in "teez" (and most modern dictionaries

-    give it the long-e pronunciation.  In Webster's 10th collegiate,

-    they mention that unstressed long e may be pronounced as i in

-    southern British or southern US dialects, and perhaps it

-    was more common in the US in 1890.  The <icr/ is an unreliable

-    indicator of modern standard American pronunciation.  A long-e

-    pronunciation on the antepenult is also sometimes given an

-    <icr/ symbol in this dictionary.

-

-(3)  The indefinite value, represented by an upside-down e (called

-     the "schwa" is not used, the same sound being represented by

-     symbols like short u <ucr/, or sometimes other vowels. 

-

-    So be warned, the pronunciations may not be quite what one would

-    expect.  But for the first phase of this effort, we are trying 

-    to reproduce exactly the pronuciations in the original work.

-

-    Notice that in pronunciations, vowels that are obscured are often

-      represented by the italicised vowel without any diacritical marks;

-      these italicised vowels are represented as either <ait/, <eit/, etc.

-      or with an <it> tag, as in  m<it>e</it>nt

-   Thus "Christian" is represented as  kr<icr/s"ch<it>a</it>n

-        communicant is represented as  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt

-

-

-   Some examples of pronunciations follow:

-      for further explanations of the entities, see the file "webfont.asc"

-   ==============================================================

-

-   <amac/ long a (stressed)  (a with a macron above it) 

-          late          =  l<amac/t

-          later         =  l<amac/t"<etil/r

-          comb-shaped   =  k<omac/m"-sh<amac/pt`

-          commemorate   =  k<ocr/m*m<ecr/m"<osl/*r<amac/t

-          deign         =  d<amac/n

-          deflate       =  d<esl/*fl<amac/t"

-          defray        =  d<esl/*fr<amac/"

-          defrayal      =  d<esl/*fr<amac/"<ait/l

-

-

-   <asl/  long a (unstressed)     

-          commodate     =  k<ocr/m"m<osl/*d<asl/t

-          cometary      =  k<ocr/m"<ecr/t*<asl/*r<ycr/

-

-   <ait/  italic a

-          communicant   =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt

-          defeasance    =  d<esl/*f<emac/"z<ait/ns

-          commercial    =  k<ocr/m*m<etil/r"sh<ait/l

-          compass       =  k<ucr/m"p<ait/s

-

-   <acr/  short a         (a with a crescent [breve] above it)

-          adipose       =  <acr/d"<icr/*p<omac/s

-          absolve       =  <acr/b*s<ocr/lv"

-          land          =  l<acr/nd

-          lamp          =  l<acr/mp

-          

-   <adot/ short a       (a with a dot above it)

-          again         =  <adot/*g<ecr/n"

-          carouse       =  k<adot/*rouz"

-          coma          =  k<omac/"m<adot/

-          comma         =  k<ocr/m"m<adot/        |  *These sound different

-          command       =  k<ocr/m*m<adot/nd"     |    to me

-          mass          =  m<adot/s

-          mash          =  m<adot/sh

-          mat           =  m<adot/t

-

-   <acir/ a-circumflex ("only in syllables closed by r")

-          care          =  k<acir/r

-          chair         =  ch<acir/r

-          share         =  sh<acir/r

-          compare       =  k<ocr/m*p<acir/r"

-

-   <aum/  a-umlaut  (in pronunciations not the same as in words)

-          arsenic       =  <aum/r"s<esl/*n<icr/k

-          arson         =  <aum/r"s'n

-          arm           =  <aum/rm

-          carp          =  k<aum/rp

-          far           =  f<aum/r

-          mar           =  m<aum/r

-          compart       =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"

-          compartment   =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"m<eit/nt

-

-   <add/ a double dot   ( with a double dot *below*)

-          all           =  <add/l

-          talk          =  t<add/k

-          swarm         =  sw<add/rm                 [not aum??]

-          water         =  w<add/"t<etil/r

-          default       =  d<esl/*f<add/lt"

-          defraud       =  d<esl/*fr<add/d"

-          deerstalker   =  d<emac/r"st<add/k`<etil/r

-

-

-   <ecr/  short e         (e with a crescent [breve] above it)

-          degenerate    =  d<esl/*j<ecr/n"<etil/r*<amac/t

-          delve         =  d<ecr/lv

-          end           =  <ecr/nd

-          pet           =  p<ecr/t

-          ten           =  t<ecr/n

-

-   <esl/  long e (unstressed)

-          committee     =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/t"t<esl/

-          defame        =  d<esl/*f<amac/m"

-          define        =  d<esl/*f<imac/n"

-          comedy        =  k<ocr/m"<esl/*d<ycr/

-

-   <eit/  e italic

-          compartment   =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"m<eit/nt

-          -ment         =  -"m<eit/nt       (for most -ment endings)

-

-   <emac/ e macron (long e, stressed)

-          compeer       =  k<ocr/m*p<emac/r"

-          deer          =  d<emac/r"

-

-   <etil/ e-tilde  

-              (representing the e before r in many words)

-              (for the same sound in -ur words, <ucir/ is used!)

-          fern          =  f<etil/rn

-          commercial    =  k<ocr/m*m<etil/r"sh<ait/l

-          commerce      =  k<ocr/m"m<etil/rs

-

-   <icr/  short i         (i with a crescent [breve] above it)

-                          Note: In most cases, this is used where the

-                           short i sound of "lip" is intended, but it is

-                           also used in the middle of words where Americans

-                           use an unstressed long "e" sound,  (as the

-                           "i" in "serial" and "serious")!?

-                            and also in  words ending in "ies",

-                              coded as "<icr/z" (as in liberties)

-          lip           =  l<icr/p

-          pin           =  p<icr/n

-          commission    =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/sh"<ucr/n

-          committal     =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/t"t<ait/l

-         *serial        =  s<emac/"r<icr/*<ait/l

-         *serious       =  s<emac/"r<icr/*<ucr/s

-          liberty       =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<ycr/

- *but:    liberties     =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<icr/z

-

-   <imac/ i-macron (long i, stressed)  (i with a macron above it) 

-          combine       =  k<ocr/m*b<imac/n"

-          combined      =  k<ocr/m*b<imac/"nd

-

-   <isl/  long i (unstressed)

-          diameter      =  d<isl/*<acr/m"<esl/*t<etil/r

-          diagonal      =  d<isl/*<acr/g"<osl/*n<ait/l

-

-

-   <ocr/  short o         (o with a crescent [breve] above it)

-          colossus      =  k<osl/*l<ocr/s"s<ucr/s

-          commute       =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/t"

-   

-   <omac/ o-macron (long o, stressed)  (o with a macron above it) 

-          boat          =  b<omac/t

-          colt          =  k<omac/lt

-          comb          =  k<omac/m

-          combing       =  k<omac/m"<icr/ng

-          commode       =  k<ocr/m*m<omac/d"

-          course        =  k<omac/rs

-

-   <ocir/ o-circumflex ("only in syllables closed by r")

-          orb           =  <ocir/rb

-          lord          =  l<ocir/rd

-          lordship      =  l<ocir/rd"sh<icr/p

-          lorn          =  l<ocir/rn

-          cord          =  k<ocir/rd

-          commorse      =  k<ocr/m*m<ocir/rs"

-          deform        =  d<esl/*f<ocir/rm"

-          deformed      =  d<esl/*f<ocir/rmd"

-          dehortative   =  d<esl/*h<ocir/rt"<adot*t<icr/v

-

-   <osl/  "o semilong" (long o, unstressed)          

-          diagonal      =  d<isl/*<acr/g"<osl/*n<ait/l

-          dejectory     =  d<esl/*j<ecr/k"t<osl/*r<ycr/

-

-   <oomac/ oo-macron (an oo with a macron above both o's)

-          boom          =  b<oomac/m

-          boot          =  b<oomac/t

-          boost         =  b<oomac/st

-          commove       =  k<ocr/m*m<oomac/v"

-   

-   <oomcr/ oo-crescent (an oo with a crescent [breve] above both o's)

-          foot          =  f<oocr/t

-          cook          =  k<oocr/k

-

-   <umac/  u macron (long u)

-          commute       =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/t"

-          definitude    =  d<esl/*f<icr/n"<icr/*t<umac/d 

-          communicant   =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt

-          defuse        =  d<esl/*f<umac/z"

-

-   <ucr/  short u         (u with a crescent [breve] above it)

-          come          =  k<ucr/m

-          color         =  k<ucr/l"<etil/r

-          colored       =  k<ucr/l"<etil/rd

-          Columbia      =  k<osl/*l<ucr/m"b<icr/*<adot/

-          up            =  <ucr/p

-

-   <ycr/  y-crescent  (y with a crescent [breve] above it)

-          used mostly for y-endings (supposed to sound similar to <icr/!!)

-            sounds to me like an unstressed long e 

-          comedy        =  k<ocr/m"<esl/*d<ycr/

-          comely        =  k<ucr/m"l<ycr/

-          liberty       =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<ycr/

-

-   <ymac/ y-macron  (y with a macron above it) 

-            used to represent the long i (stressed) sound, but

-               examples in pronunciations seem to be absent.  It is

-               found in some foreign words in the etymologies.

-

-   ou     the common "ow" sound of "town", "browse"

-          count       =  kount

-

-   <nsm/  n-submacron  (an n with a macron underneath)

-           represents the "ng" sound when it occurs before a

-             consonant

-          defunct      =  d<esl/*f<ucr/<nsm/kt"

-          commingle    =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/<nsm/"g'l

-

-  <th/    the "th" sound in "mother"

-            this is represented in the printed work by a th ligature

-         carouse      =   k<adot/*rouz"

-

-   zh     not a special character, but used to represent the 

-             "si" sound in words like

-

-          decision   =  d<esl/*s<icr/zh"<ucr/n

-

-   th     the usual sound as in thing and thorn

-   sh     the usual as in ship

-   ch     the usual as in chip

-   N      (capital N) represents the nasal "n" sound of the French language

-

+file PRONUNC.WEB
+================
+   This file gives a number of examples of pronunciation, 
+using the entity symbols representing the pronunciations as
+found in the 1913 Webster unabridged dictionary.  Not all
+vowel sounds are given here, but the examples should allow one 
+to recognize the characters and recall the symbols used to 
+represent them.  The set of symbols used for pronunciation 
+is different from that used in most modern dictionaries,
+but a more worrisome problem is that the pronuncitions themselves 
+seem in many cases to differ from modern usage.  The places of
+the strong and weak accent are, however, in every case
+examined the same as in modern dictionaries.  Anyone who is 
+willing to work at revising the pronunciations to reflect modern
+usage or modern symbols should contact PJC.
+
+
+         Pronunciations  in the 1913 Webster ASCII version
+         =================================================
+
+Syllables:
+----------------
+    in pronunciations, the short hyphen used in the printed version as a 
+syllable-break is represented in the ASCII version by an asterisk (*).
+    the main (heavy) accent is represented by a double-quote (").
+    the secondary (light) accent is represented by a left-single-quote
+(grave accent) (`)
+    the hyphen in hyphenated words is represented by the ASCII hypen (-).
+    where an accent occurs, no other syllable break is used.
+    sometimes a hyphen occurs after an accent.
+    ------------------------------------------------
+
+Consonants:
+    Most consonants have their normal value in the pronunciations,
+but there are a few special characters, as the n-submacron and the
+"th" ligature.  See the end of the "special characters" section.
+
+Special characters:
+--------------------
+   The special characters are represented by two different sets of
+symbols: (1) the RTF-format hexadecimal codes such as \'94 for
+o-umlaut, meaning that the byte code is hexadecimal 94.  These
+are used only for those symbols which have been designed into a 
+special font set for this dictionary.  The font set can only be used
+in a DOS system; or
+(2) an "entity" symbol  using "<" and "/" as opening and closing
+delimiters, with a mnemonic string between.  In the case of o-umlaut 
+the symbol is <oum/.  For the vowels, the system is consistent,
+thus <aum/ is a-umlaut, and <ium/ is i-umlaut, etc.
+   These delimiters are used in preference to the HTML-style
+(e.g. &auml;) delimiters because of the heavy use of ampersands in
+the dictionary, to minimize file length.  For the same reason,
+the codes within the delimiters are generally shorter than the 
+corresponding ISO 8879 codes ( <aum/ rather than &auml; ).
+   For this discussion, I will use the "entity" coding.  The
+equivalent hexadecimal codes, where they exist, will be found in
+the tables in the file "webfont.asc".
+
+   The pronunciation system of the 1913 Webster has three peculiarities
+relative to systems used in recent dictionaries.
+(1) a more complex set of symbols are used. This is evident, for
+    example, where the long vowels have different symbols whether
+    they are used in stressed or unstressed syllables.  Thus
+    long a in "acre" or "chaos"is represented as a-macron (<amac/ in 
+    our notation).  But in "chaotic" or "connate" or "comate" it is 
+    represented as a symbol looking like a-macron, but with a short 
+    ascender in the middle of the macron above the a.  This is denoted 
+    <asl/ ("a semilong") in our notation.
+
+    Also, some sounds have more than one symbol.  Thus, there are several
+    symbols using "y" with a diacritical mark above, representing
+    identical sounds using "i" or "e", but used in those cases where the
+    written word has a "y" in it.  So words ending in "y" with 
+    pronunciations like the unaccented long "e" usually have 
+    a y-breve (<ycr/) in the pronunciation.  Why?  Apparently,
+    just to look more like the spelling.  In these cases its
+    meaning is unambuiguous.
+
+(2) The indicated pronunciations themselves are in some cases 
+    different from what one would find in a modern dictionary.
+    In part this is due to differences among orthoepists with
+    different notions of how a word should sound, and possibly
+    it is due to differences in the pronunciation between 1890,
+    when British pronunciations may have had more influence, and 
+    the present.  Thus we see that words ending in -"ties",
+    which are given the pronunciation "-t<icr/z", which sounds
+    like "tizz", whereas I have always heard such words pronounced
+    with a long "e", as in "teez" (and most modern dictionaries
+    give it the long-e pronunciation.  In Webster's 10th collegiate,
+    they mention that unstressed long e may be pronounced as i in
+    southern British or southern US dialects, and perhaps it
+    was more common in the US in 1890.  The <icr/ is an unreliable
+    indicator of modern standard American pronunciation.  A long-e
+    pronunciation on the antepenult is also sometimes given an
+    <icr/ symbol in this dictionary.
+
+(3)  The indefinite value, represented by an upside-down e (called
+     the "schwa" is not used, the same sound being represented by
+     symbols like short u <ucr/, or sometimes other vowels. 
+
+    So be warned, the pronunciations may not be quite what one would
+    expect.  But for the first phase of this effort, we are trying 
+    to reproduce exactly the pronuciations in the original work.
+
+    Notice that in pronunciations, vowels that are obscured are often
+      represented by the italicised vowel without any diacritical marks;
+      these italicised vowels are represented as either <ait/, <eit/, etc.
+      or with an <it> tag, as in  m<it>e</it>nt
+   Thus "Christian" is represented as  kr<icr/s"ch<it>a</it>n
+        communicant is represented as  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt
+
+
+   Some examples of pronunciations follow:
+      for further explanations of the entities, see the file "webfont.asc"
+   ==============================================================
+
+   <amac/ long a (stressed)  (a with a macron above it) 
+          late          =  l<amac/t
+          later         =  l<amac/t"<etil/r
+          comb-shaped   =  k<omac/m"-sh<amac/pt`
+          commemorate   =  k<ocr/m*m<ecr/m"<osl/*r<amac/t
+          deign         =  d<amac/n
+          deflate       =  d<esl/*fl<amac/t"
+          defray        =  d<esl/*fr<amac/"
+          defrayal      =  d<esl/*fr<amac/"<ait/l
+
+
+   <asl/  long a (unstressed)     
+          commodate     =  k<ocr/m"m<osl/*d<asl/t
+          cometary      =  k<ocr/m"<ecr/t*<asl/*r<ycr/
+
+   <ait/  italic a
+          communicant   =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt
+          defeasance    =  d<esl/*f<emac/"z<ait/ns
+          commercial    =  k<ocr/m*m<etil/r"sh<ait/l
+          compass       =  k<ucr/m"p<ait/s
+
+   <acr/  short a         (a with a crescent [breve] above it)
+          adipose       =  <acr/d"<icr/*p<omac/s
+          absolve       =  <acr/b*s<ocr/lv"
+          land          =  l<acr/nd
+          lamp          =  l<acr/mp
+          
+   <adot/ short a       (a with a dot above it)
+          again         =  <adot/*g<ecr/n"
+          carouse       =  k<adot/*rouz"
+          coma          =  k<omac/"m<adot/
+          comma         =  k<ocr/m"m<adot/        |  *These sound different
+          command       =  k<ocr/m*m<adot/nd"     |    to me
+          mass          =  m<adot/s
+          mash          =  m<adot/sh
+          mat           =  m<adot/t
+
+   <acir/ a-circumflex ("only in syllables closed by r")
+          care          =  k<acir/r
+          chair         =  ch<acir/r
+          share         =  sh<acir/r
+          compare       =  k<ocr/m*p<acir/r"
+
+   <aum/  a-umlaut  (in pronunciations not the same as in words)
+          arsenic       =  <aum/r"s<esl/*n<icr/k
+          arson         =  <aum/r"s'n
+          arm           =  <aum/rm
+          carp          =  k<aum/rp
+          far           =  f<aum/r
+          mar           =  m<aum/r
+          compart       =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"
+          compartment   =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"m<eit/nt
+
+   <add/ a double dot   ( with a double dot *below*)
+          all           =  <add/l
+          talk          =  t<add/k
+          swarm         =  sw<add/rm                 [not aum??]
+          water         =  w<add/"t<etil/r
+          default       =  d<esl/*f<add/lt"
+          defraud       =  d<esl/*fr<add/d"
+          deerstalker   =  d<emac/r"st<add/k`<etil/r
+
+
+   <ecr/  short e         (e with a crescent [breve] above it)
+          degenerate    =  d<esl/*j<ecr/n"<etil/r*<amac/t
+          delve         =  d<ecr/lv
+          end           =  <ecr/nd
+          pet           =  p<ecr/t
+          ten           =  t<ecr/n
+
+   <esl/  long e (unstressed)
+          committee     =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/t"t<esl/
+          defame        =  d<esl/*f<amac/m"
+          define        =  d<esl/*f<imac/n"
+          comedy        =  k<ocr/m"<esl/*d<ycr/
+
+   <eit/  e italic
+          compartment   =  k<ocr/m*p<aum/rt"m<eit/nt
+          -ment         =  -"m<eit/nt       (for most -ment endings)
+
+   <emac/ e macron (long e, stressed)
+          compeer       =  k<ocr/m*p<emac/r"
+          deer          =  d<emac/r"
+
+   <etil/ e-tilde  
+              (representing the e before r in many words)
+              (for the same sound in -ur words, <ucir/ is used!)
+          fern          =  f<etil/rn
+          commercial    =  k<ocr/m*m<etil/r"sh<ait/l
+          commerce      =  k<ocr/m"m<etil/rs
+
+   <icr/  short i         (i with a crescent [breve] above it)
+                          Note: In most cases, this is used where the
+                           short i sound of "lip" is intended, but it is
+                           also used in the middle of words where Americans
+                           use an unstressed long "e" sound,  (as the
+                           "i" in "serial" and "serious")!?
+                            and also in  words ending in "ies",
+                              coded as "<icr/z" (as in liberties)
+          lip           =  l<icr/p
+          pin           =  p<icr/n
+          commission    =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/sh"<ucr/n
+          committal     =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/t"t<ait/l
+         *serial        =  s<emac/"r<icr/*<ait/l
+         *serious       =  s<emac/"r<icr/*<ucr/s
+          liberty       =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<ycr/
+ *but:    liberties     =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<icr/z
+
+   <imac/ i-macron (long i, stressed)  (i with a macron above it) 
+          combine       =  k<ocr/m*b<imac/n"
+          combined      =  k<ocr/m*b<imac/"nd
+
+   <isl/  long i (unstressed)
+          diameter      =  d<isl/*<acr/m"<esl/*t<etil/r
+          diagonal      =  d<isl/*<acr/g"<osl/*n<ait/l
+
+
+   <ocr/  short o         (o with a crescent [breve] above it)
+          colossus      =  k<osl/*l<ocr/s"s<ucr/s
+          commute       =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/t"
+   
+   <omac/ o-macron (long o, stressed)  (o with a macron above it) 
+          boat          =  b<omac/t
+          colt          =  k<omac/lt
+          comb          =  k<omac/m
+          combing       =  k<omac/m"<icr/ng
+          commode       =  k<ocr/m*m<omac/d"
+          course        =  k<omac/rs
+
+   <ocir/ o-circumflex ("only in syllables closed by r")
+          orb           =  <ocir/rb
+          lord          =  l<ocir/rd
+          lordship      =  l<ocir/rd"sh<icr/p
+          lorn          =  l<ocir/rn
+          cord          =  k<ocir/rd
+          commorse      =  k<ocr/m*m<ocir/rs"
+          deform        =  d<esl/*f<ocir/rm"
+          deformed      =  d<esl/*f<ocir/rmd"
+          dehortative   =  d<esl/*h<ocir/rt"<adot*t<icr/v
+
+   <osl/  "o semilong" (long o, unstressed)          
+          diagonal      =  d<isl/*<acr/g"<osl/*n<ait/l
+          dejectory     =  d<esl/*j<ecr/k"t<osl/*r<ycr/
+
+   <oomac/ oo-macron (an oo with a macron above both o's)
+          boom          =  b<oomac/m
+          boot          =  b<oomac/t
+          boost         =  b<oomac/st
+          commove       =  k<ocr/m*m<oomac/v"
+   
+   <oomcr/ oo-crescent (an oo with a crescent [breve] above both o's)
+          foot          =  f<oocr/t
+          cook          =  k<oocr/k
+
+   <umac/  u macron (long u)
+          commute       =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/t"
+          definitude    =  d<esl/*f<icr/n"<icr/*t<umac/d 
+          communicant   =  k<ocr/m*m<umac/"n<icr/*k<ait/nt
+          defuse        =  d<esl/*f<umac/z"
+
+   <ucr/  short u         (u with a crescent [breve] above it)
+          come          =  k<ucr/m
+          color         =  k<ucr/l"<etil/r
+          colored       =  k<ucr/l"<etil/rd
+          Columbia      =  k<osl/*l<ucr/m"b<icr/*<adot/
+          up            =  <ucr/p
+
+   <ycr/  y-crescent  (y with a crescent [breve] above it)
+          used mostly for y-endings (supposed to sound similar to <icr/!!)
+            sounds to me like an unstressed long e 
+          comedy        =  k<ocr/m"<esl/*d<ycr/
+          comely        =  k<ucr/m"l<ycr/
+          liberty       =  l<icr/b"<etil/r*t<ycr/
+
+   <ymac/ y-macron  (y with a macron above it) 
+            used to represent the long i (stressed) sound, but
+               examples in pronunciations seem to be absent.  It is
+               found in some foreign words in the etymologies.
+
+   ou     the common "ow" sound of "town", "browse"
+          count       =  kount
+
+   <nsm/  n-submacron  (an n with a macron underneath)
+           represents the "ng" sound when it occurs before a
+             consonant
+          defunct      =  d<esl/*f<ucr/<nsm/kt"
+          commingle    =  k<ocr/m*m<icr/<nsm/"g'l
+
+  <th/    the "th" sound in "mother"
+            this is represented in the printed work by a th ligature
+         carouse      =   k<adot/*rouz"
+
+   zh     not a special character, but used to represent the 
+             "si" sound in words like
+
+          decision   =  d<esl/*s<icr/zh"<ucr/n
+
+   th     the usual sound as in thing and thorn
+   sh     the usual as in ship
+   ch     the usual as in chip
+   N      (capital N) represents the nasal "n" sound of the French language
+
diff --git a/README.DIC b/README.DIC
index 780e0bb..edaa4f0 100644
--- a/README.DIC
+++ b/README.DIC
@@ -1,268 +1,268 @@
-File  README.DIC

-  To accompany the GNU version of the set of files (cide.*) containing 

-                the electronic version of the

-       Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

-                   (called also GCIDE)

-       These files contain Version 0.46 (January 2002)

-    * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

-

-The dictionary was derived from the

-         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

-                 Version published 1913

-               by the  C. & G. Merriam Co.

-                   Springfield, Mass.

-                 Under the direction of

-                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

-

-and has been supplemented with some of the definitions from

-           WordNet, a semantic network created by

-              the Cognitive Science Department

-                 of Princeton University

-                  under the direction of

-                   Prof. George Miller

-

-and is being proof-read and supplemented by volunteers from

-around the world.  This is an unfunded project, and future

-enhancement of this dictionary will depend on the efforts of

-volunteers willing to help build this free resource into a

-comprehensive body of general information.  New definitions

-for missing words or words senses and longer explanatory notes, 

-as well as images to accompany the articles are needed.  More

-modern illustrative quotations giving recent examples of

-usage of the words in their various senses will be very

-helpful, since most quotations in the original 1913 dictionary

-are now well over 100 years old.

-

-   This electronic version is being maintained by World Soul,

-a non-profit organization in Plainfield, NJ.  For additional

-information or if you are willing to assist construction of this

-data source, contact:

-

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

- Patrick J. Cassidy              | TEL:          (908) 561-3416

- World Soul                      | if no answer, (908) 668-5252

- 735 Belvidere Ave.              | FAX:          (908) 668-5904

- Plainfield, NJ  07062-2054

- pc@worldsoul.org   or  cassidy@micra.com

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

-

-  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

-

-GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)

-any later version.

-

-GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

-GNU General Public License for more details.

-

-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

-along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, write 

-to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,

-Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

-           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

-

-STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY

----------------------------

-   When the archives are unpacked, the main dictionary text of 

-the GCIDE will be found in 26 files named "cide.*", where the

-asterisk indicates which letter of the alphabet begins the

-words in each file.  For example, file "cide.b" contains words 

-beginning with the letter "B".  Additional information about the 

-tagging conventions and special character symbols are contained in 

-ancillary files in this directory more information below).  The main 

-body of the 1913 dictionary was essentially identical to the edition

-published in 1890, and was republished in 1913 with an appendix 

-containing "New Words".  The new words of that appendix have been

-integrated into the main file in this version.  However, it is important 

-to keep in mind that the definitions in this dictionary are in most 

-cases over 100 years old.  Use them with caution!

-    At the bottom of each paragraph in this dictionary, there is a

-bracketed and tagged "source" indicated.  This tells from where the

-definition or other text in that paragraph came, as follows:

-

-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]

-  =  From the original 1890 dictionary.

-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]

-  =  From the 1913 "New Words" supplement to the Webster.

-[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]

-  =  From the WordNet on-line semantic network.

-[<source>Century Dict. 1906.</source>]

-  =  From the Century Dictionary published in 1906, especially from

-          the "proper Names" supplement (volume IX).

-                                     published

-[<source>XXX</source>]

-   = Added by one of the volunteers.

-

-    The original definitions have been tagged and in some cases 

-reformatted or slightly rearranged.  If substantive information

-is added from a second source, usually the additional source is

-also noted, as in:

-[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> + <source>WordNet 1.5</source>]

-

-    A list of the ancillary files related to the GCIDE is appended at 

-the bottom of this "readme.dic" file.

-    This version is tagged with SGML-like tags of the form <pos>...</pos>

-so that the original typography (italics, bold, block quotes) can be

-reproduced.  A list of the most important tags for fields in the 

-dictionary is given below.  The tags also serve the more important 

-function of allowing the information content to be conveniently imported

-into computer programs or databases.  The set of tags used is described 

-in the accompanying file "tagset.web".  ***NOTE*** the paragraph tags

-<p>...</p> do *not* always nest properly with certain other tags, such 

-as <note> and <cs> ("collocation section"), which in some cases span

-multiple paragraphs.  If you are using a tag parser which detects

-improper nesting, you should first either delete the paragraph

-tags or convert them to non-tag symbols, or, if possible, set the 

-parser to ignore the <p>...</p> tags.

-    The unusual characters (such as Greek or the European accented

-characters, as well as special characters used in the pronunciations)

-are described in the accompanying file "webfont.asc".  Some information

-on the pronunciation system used may be found by viewing the files

-"wxxvii.jpg" and "pronunc.jpg" with a GIF viewer (or any web browser),

-and additional explanations of pronunciation are in the file 

-"pronunc.web".

-     Each paragraph of the original text is enclosed within tags of 

-the form <p> . . . </p>.  Within these paragraphs are no line

-breaks, and some of the paragraphs are over 12,000 characters long.

-These lines are too long to be handled by the vi editor, and probably

-by some other text editors.  At some points, embedded line breaks within 

-a "paragraph" are marked by a <br/ "entity".  The file can therefore

-be converted, if necessary, to a form with shorter lines, and subsequently

-reconverted back to the form having one line per paragraph.

-

-   If additional line breaks are added, then in order remove the 

-line breaks and reconstruct the original paragraphs, so that the 

-page width can be adjusted, perform the following manipulations:

-  (1) convert each line break (cr-lf combination) to a space.

-  (2) convert the string "</p>  " (</p> followed by two spaces)

-     to </p> followed by two line breaks (cr-lf combinations)

-  (3) convert the string "<br/ " (<br/ followed by one space)

-     to <br/ followed by one line break (cr-lf).

-There will be some "lines" (paragraphs) with over 12,000 characters,

-which may give trouble to some simple text editors.

-   A more sophisticated formatting of spaces within paragraphs may

-require the use of the fully-tagged master files.  If you have

-a need for these files, contact Patrick Cassidy: cassidy@micra.com.

-   The approximate beginning of each page is marked by an SGML

-comment of the form <-- p. 345 -->.  (The exact beginning was in some

-cases in the middle of a paragraph, which we decided was not a

-good location for these page-number comments, so the page number

-was usually moved to the next paragraph break).  Pages which have 

-been proofread by volunteers (e.g., with initials VOL) will have a 

-note within that page comment: <-- p. 345 pr=VOL -->.  Pages which have 

-not been proofread yet (most of them) will have varying numbers of 

-typographical errors in them.   We still (January 2002) need 

-proofreaders to get the errors out of these dictionary files.

-

-***********************************************************************

-**                        WARNING!!!                                 **

-***********************************************************************

-

-    This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic

-errors, including errors in the field-marks.  In addition, the user must

-keep in mind that this text is very old and will contain numerous 

-obsolete, inaccurate, and perhaps offensive statements, which are 

-included solely because this work is intended to reproduce accurately

-this historically interesting classic reference work.  This text should 

-not be relied upon as an accurate source of information, as in many

-cases it represents the state of knowledge around 1890.  The text is

-provided "as is", and the user must accept responsibility for all

-consequences  of its use. Please refer to the header of each file and

-the GNU public license.  If these conditions of use are unacceptable,

-please do not use these texts.

-************************************************************************

-************************************************************************

-    This electronic dictionary is also made available as a potential

-starting point for development of a modern comprehensive encyclopedic

-dictionary, to be accessible freely on the internet, and developed by the

-efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely

-available knowledge base.  A large number of collaborators are needed to

-bring this dictionary to a more accurate, more modern,  and more useful

-state. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a 

-knowledge base should contact Patrick Cassidy (see above).  All reports 

-of errors will be gratefully received, and should also be transmitted to 

-PC at: pc@worldsoul.org.

-

-In addition to the main text of the dictionary, additional

-explanatory material about this version of the dictionary is available

-in the ancillary files:

-

-=====================================================================

-COPYING             18,321  11-03-99  1:13a COPYING

-README   DIC        13,775  01-17-02 11:48p readme.dic

-WEBFONT  ASC        35,234  12-12-01  3:27p WEBFONT.ASC

-TAGSET   WEB        55,843  08-16-01  1:16p TAGSET.WEB

-PRONUNC  WEB        14,312  06-18-00  3:02p PRONUNC.WEB

-PRONUNC  JPG     2,569,796  06-18-00  3:11p PRONUNC.JPG

-SYMBOLS  JPG       144,716  06-18-00  3:13p SYMBOLS.JPG

-WXXVII   JPG     1,188,380  06-18-00  3:19p WXXVII.JPG

-==================================================================

-

-

-Most important tags used in the GCIDE:

-<hw> tags the headword

-<pr>          pronunciation

-<pos>         part of speech

-<ety>         etymology

-<ets>         "source" word within an <ety> field, usually foreign words

-<fld>         field of knowledge (e.g. Med. = medicine)

-<def>         definition

-<cs>          collocation section  (containing word combinations)

-<col>         collocation entry (word combination)

-<cd>          collocation definition

-<as>          illustrations of usage (within a <def>. . . </def> field)

-<au>          authority for a definition, or author of a quotation

-<q>           illustrative quotation -- in block quote format

-<au>          author of an illustrative <q> quotation

-<altname>     alternative name for the headword -- essentially a synonym

-<asp>         alternative spelling of the headword

-<syn>         list of synonyms for the headword

-<p>           paragraph

-<b>           bold type

-<it>          italic type

-

-For other tags, see the file "tagset.web"

-

-

-============================================================

-            OTHER VERSIONS OF THE DICTIONARY

-=============================================================

-

-   There are several other derivative versions of this dictionary 

-on the internet, in some cases reformatted or provided with an 

-interface.  Those that I am aware of are:

-

-(1) Project Gutenberg

----------------------

-   In the extext96 directory of Project Gutenberg (www.prairienet.org)

-there is a version of the original 1913 dictionary, which is in

-the **public domain**.  The main files are in the directory etext96,

-and sre labeled pgw050**.***.  The tags for that version are a subset

-of those used in this GNU version.

-

-(2) The DICT development group

-------------------------------

-This group has created a program to index and search this dictionary.

-The program can be downloaded and used locally, but at present

-is available only in a Unix-compatible executable version.

-See their web site at http://www.dict.org.

-

-(3)  The University of Chicago ARTFL project

----------------------------------------------

-Mark Olsen and Gavin LaRowe at the University of Chicago have 

-converted the original 1913 dictionary to HTML and have provided an

-interface allowing search of the headwords.  When the supplemented

-version has developed sufficiently to warrant the effort, a 

-similar searchable version may be posted there as well.  The

-search page is at:

-  http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html

-

-That page will provide links to other ARTFL projects and contact

-information for the ARTFL group, who alone can provide information 

-about the HTML version or interface.

-

-

- -- PJC

+File  README.DIC
+  To accompany the GNU version of the set of files (cide.*) containing 
+                the electronic version of the
+       Collaborative International Dictionary of English.
+                   (called also GCIDE)
+       These files contain Version 0.46 (January 2002)
+    * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+
+The dictionary was derived from the
+         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
+                 Version published 1913
+               by the  C. & G. Merriam Co.
+                   Springfield, Mass.
+                 Under the direction of
+                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
+
+and has been supplemented with some of the definitions from
+           WordNet, a semantic network created by
+              the Cognitive Science Department
+                 of Princeton University
+                  under the direction of
+                   Prof. George Miller
+
+and is being proof-read and supplemented by volunteers from
+around the world.  This is an unfunded project, and future
+enhancement of this dictionary will depend on the efforts of
+volunteers willing to help build this free resource into a
+comprehensive body of general information.  New definitions
+for missing words or words senses and longer explanatory notes, 
+as well as images to accompany the articles are needed.  More
+modern illustrative quotations giving recent examples of
+usage of the words in their various senses will be very
+helpful, since most quotations in the original 1913 dictionary
+are now well over 100 years old.
+
+   This electronic version is being maintained by World Soul,
+a non-profit organization in Plainfield, NJ.  For additional
+information or if you are willing to assist construction of this
+data source, contact:
+
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+ Patrick J. Cassidy              | TEL:          (908) 561-3416
+ World Soul                      | if no answer, (908) 668-5252
+ 735 Belvidere Ave.              | FAX:          (908) 668-5904
+ Plainfield, NJ  07062-2054
+ pc@worldsoul.org   or  cassidy@micra.com
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+
+  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
+
+GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, write 
+to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
+
+STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY
+---------------------------
+   When the archives are unpacked, the main dictionary text of 
+the GCIDE will be found in 26 files named "cide.*", where the
+asterisk indicates which letter of the alphabet begins the
+words in each file.  For example, file "cide.b" contains words 
+beginning with the letter "B".  Additional information about the 
+tagging conventions and special character symbols are contained in 
+ancillary files in this directory more information below).  The main 
+body of the 1913 dictionary was essentially identical to the edition
+published in 1890, and was republished in 1913 with an appendix 
+containing "New Words".  The new words of that appendix have been
+integrated into the main file in this version.  However, it is important 
+to keep in mind that the definitions in this dictionary are in most 
+cases over 100 years old.  Use them with caution!
+    At the bottom of each paragraph in this dictionary, there is a
+bracketed and tagged "source" indicated.  This tells from where the
+definition or other text in that paragraph came, as follows:
+
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]
+  =  From the original 1890 dictionary.
+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]
+  =  From the 1913 "New Words" supplement to the Webster.
+[<source>WordNet 1.5</source>]
+  =  From the WordNet on-line semantic network.
+[<source>Century Dict. 1906.</source>]
+  =  From the Century Dictionary published in 1906, especially from
+          the "proper Names" supplement (volume IX).
+                                     published
+[<source>XXX</source>]
+   = Added by one of the volunteers.
+
+    The original definitions have been tagged and in some cases 
+reformatted or slightly rearranged.  If substantive information
+is added from a second source, usually the additional source is
+also noted, as in:
+[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> + <source>WordNet 1.5</source>]
+
+    A list of the ancillary files related to the GCIDE is appended at 
+the bottom of this "readme.dic" file.
+    This version is tagged with SGML-like tags of the form <pos>...</pos>
+so that the original typography (italics, bold, block quotes) can be
+reproduced.  A list of the most important tags for fields in the 
+dictionary is given below.  The tags also serve the more important 
+function of allowing the information content to be conveniently imported
+into computer programs or databases.  The set of tags used is described 
+in the accompanying file "tagset.web".  ***NOTE*** the paragraph tags
+<p>...</p> do *not* always nest properly with certain other tags, such 
+as <note> and <cs> ("collocation section"), which in some cases span
+multiple paragraphs.  If you are using a tag parser which detects
+improper nesting, you should first either delete the paragraph
+tags or convert them to non-tag symbols, or, if possible, set the 
+parser to ignore the <p>...</p> tags.
+    The unusual characters (such as Greek or the European accented
+characters, as well as special characters used in the pronunciations)
+are described in the accompanying file "webfont.asc".  Some information
+on the pronunciation system used may be found by viewing the files
+"wxxvii.jpg" and "pronunc.jpg" with a GIF viewer (or any web browser),
+and additional explanations of pronunciation are in the file 
+"pronunc.web".
+     Each paragraph of the original text is enclosed within tags of 
+the form <p> . . . </p>.  Within these paragraphs are no line
+breaks, and some of the paragraphs are over 12,000 characters long.
+These lines are too long to be handled by the vi editor, and probably
+by some other text editors.  At some points, embedded line breaks within 
+a "paragraph" are marked by a <br/ "entity".  The file can therefore
+be converted, if necessary, to a form with shorter lines, and subsequently
+reconverted back to the form having one line per paragraph.
+
+   If additional line breaks are added, then in order remove the 
+line breaks and reconstruct the original paragraphs, so that the 
+page width can be adjusted, perform the following manipulations:
+  (1) convert each line break (cr-lf combination) to a space.
+  (2) convert the string "</p>  " (</p> followed by two spaces)
+     to </p> followed by two line breaks (cr-lf combinations)
+  (3) convert the string "<br/ " (<br/ followed by one space)
+     to <br/ followed by one line break (cr-lf).
+There will be some "lines" (paragraphs) with over 12,000 characters,
+which may give trouble to some simple text editors.
+   A more sophisticated formatting of spaces within paragraphs may
+require the use of the fully-tagged master files.  If you have
+a need for these files, contact Patrick Cassidy: cassidy@micra.com.
+   The approximate beginning of each page is marked by an SGML
+comment of the form <-- p. 345 -->.  (The exact beginning was in some
+cases in the middle of a paragraph, which we decided was not a
+good location for these page-number comments, so the page number
+was usually moved to the next paragraph break).  Pages which have 
+been proofread by volunteers (e.g., with initials VOL) will have a 
+note within that page comment: <-- p. 345 pr=VOL -->.  Pages which have 
+not been proofread yet (most of them) will have varying numbers of 
+typographical errors in them.   We still (January 2002) need 
+proofreaders to get the errors out of these dictionary files.
+
+***********************************************************************
+**                        WARNING!!!                                 **
+***********************************************************************
+
+    This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic
+errors, including errors in the field-marks.  In addition, the user must
+keep in mind that this text is very old and will contain numerous 
+obsolete, inaccurate, and perhaps offensive statements, which are 
+included solely because this work is intended to reproduce accurately
+this historically interesting classic reference work.  This text should 
+not be relied upon as an accurate source of information, as in many
+cases it represents the state of knowledge around 1890.  The text is
+provided "as is", and the user must accept responsibility for all
+consequences  of its use. Please refer to the header of each file and
+the GNU public license.  If these conditions of use are unacceptable,
+please do not use these texts.
+************************************************************************
+************************************************************************
+    This electronic dictionary is also made available as a potential
+starting point for development of a modern comprehensive encyclopedic
+dictionary, to be accessible freely on the internet, and developed by the
+efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely
+available knowledge base.  A large number of collaborators are needed to
+bring this dictionary to a more accurate, more modern,  and more useful
+state. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a 
+knowledge base should contact Patrick Cassidy (see above).  All reports 
+of errors will be gratefully received, and should also be transmitted to 
+PC at: pc@worldsoul.org.
+
+In addition to the main text of the dictionary, additional
+explanatory material about this version of the dictionary is available
+in the ancillary files:
+
+=====================================================================
+COPYING             18,321  11-03-99  1:13a COPYING
+README   DIC        13,775  01-17-02 11:48p readme.dic
+WEBFONT  ASC        35,234  12-12-01  3:27p WEBFONT.ASC
+TAGSET   WEB        55,843  08-16-01  1:16p TAGSET.WEB
+PRONUNC  WEB        14,312  06-18-00  3:02p PRONUNC.WEB
+PRONUNC  JPG     2,569,796  06-18-00  3:11p PRONUNC.JPG
+SYMBOLS  JPG       144,716  06-18-00  3:13p SYMBOLS.JPG
+WXXVII   JPG     1,188,380  06-18-00  3:19p WXXVII.JPG
+==================================================================
+
+
+Most important tags used in the GCIDE:
+<hw> tags the headword
+<pr>          pronunciation
+<pos>         part of speech
+<ety>         etymology
+<ets>         "source" word within an <ety> field, usually foreign words
+<fld>         field of knowledge (e.g. Med. = medicine)
+<def>         definition
+<cs>          collocation section  (containing word combinations)
+<col>         collocation entry (word combination)
+<cd>          collocation definition
+<as>          illustrations of usage (within a <def>. . . </def> field)
+<au>          authority for a definition, or author of a quotation
+<q>           illustrative quotation -- in block quote format
+<au>          author of an illustrative <q> quotation
+<altname>     alternative name for the headword -- essentially a synonym
+<asp>         alternative spelling of the headword
+<syn>         list of synonyms for the headword
+<p>           paragraph
+<b>           bold type
+<it>          italic type
+
+For other tags, see the file "tagset.web"
+
+
+============================================================
+            OTHER VERSIONS OF THE DICTIONARY
+=============================================================
+
+   There are several other derivative versions of this dictionary 
+on the internet, in some cases reformatted or provided with an 
+interface.  Those that I am aware of are:
+
+(1) Project Gutenberg
+---------------------
+   In the extext96 directory of Project Gutenberg (www.prairienet.org)
+there is a version of the original 1913 dictionary, which is in
+the **public domain**.  The main files are in the directory etext96,
+and sre labeled pgw050**.***.  The tags for that version are a subset
+of those used in this GNU version.
+
+(2) The DICT development group
+------------------------------
+This group has created a program to index and search this dictionary.
+The program can be downloaded and used locally, but at present
+is available only in a Unix-compatible executable version.
+See their web site at http://www.dict.org.
+
+(3)  The University of Chicago ARTFL project
+---------------------------------------------
+Mark Olsen and Gavin LaRowe at the University of Chicago have 
+converted the original 1913 dictionary to HTML and have provided an
+interface allowing search of the headwords.  When the supplemented
+version has developed sufficiently to warrant the effort, a 
+similar searchable version may be posted there as well.  The
+search page is at:
+  http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
+
+That page will provide links to other ARTFL projects and contact
+information for the ARTFL group, who alone can provide information 
+about the HTML version or interface.
+
+
+ -- PJC
diff --git a/TAGSET.WEB b/TAGSET.WEB
index 5714751..1409569 100644
--- a/TAGSET.WEB
+++ b/TAGSET.WEB
@@ -1,1060 +1,1060 @@
-            FIELD MARKS FOR WEBSTER 1913 and CIDE

-            =====================================

-Tagset.web:

-     Explanations of the tags used to mark the Webster 1913 dictionary

-and the CIDE (Collaborative International Dictionary of English).

-Note that the list of tags used to mark the public domain version

-of this dictionary is shorter than the full set described here.

-    If any tag is not listed here, it is either (1) one of the 

-"point" (font size) or "type" (font style) tags, which should be self-explanatory; or

-        (2) Is a functional field with no effect on the typography.

-

-Last modified March 12, 1999.

-     For questions, contact:

-     Patrick Cassidy           cassidy@micra.com

-     735 Belvidere Ave.

-     Plainfield, NJ 07062

-     (908) 561-3416   or (908) 668-5252

--------------------------------------------------------------

-A separate file, webfont.asc, contains the list of the individual 

-non-ASCII characters represented by either higher-order hexadecimal

-character marks (e.g., \'94, for o-umlaut) or by entity tags

-(e.g., <root/, for the square root symbol.)

---------------------------------------------------------------

-     Use of tags:

-     In the MICRA electronic version of the 1913 Webster, each part of

-the entry headed by an entry word ("headword") is labeled so that no

-part of the entry except some punctuation marks should be found

-outside of all fields, i.e. every character should be within some tagged

-field.  In the following description, the word "segment" usually refers to 

-a major part of an entry such as an etymology or a definition or a 

-collocation segment or a usage block, containing more than one field.

-The term "field" may also be used similarly to "segment", but may also

-denote single-word fields, such as an alternative spelling, labeled <asp>.

-

-   Note: The tags on this list are similar in structure to SGML tags.  Each

-tag on this list  marks a field; each field opens with a tagname between

-angle brackets thus: <tagname>, and closes with a similar tag containing

-the forward slash thus: </tagname>.  No tags are used without closing

-tags.  Thus the HTML <BR> to indicate a line break is symbolized

-here as an entity, <br/, and every <p> has a corresponding </p>.

-    The absence of an end-field tag, or the presence of an end-field tag

-without a prior begin-field tag constitutes a typographical error, of which

-there may be a significant number.  Any errors detected should be brought

-to the attention of PJC or the appropriate editor.

-   Most of the tagged fields are presented in the text in italic type, 

-with a number of exceptions.  Where a word is contained within more than 

-one field, the innermost field determines the font to be used.  Wherever

-recognizable functional fields were found, an attempt was made to tag the

-field with a functional mark, but in many cases, words were italicised only

-to represent the word itself as a discourse entity, and in some such cases,

-the "italic" mark <it> was used, implying nothing regarding functionality

-of the word.  The base font is considered "plain".  Where an italic field

-is indicated, parentheses or brackets within the field are not italicised.

-   Where no font is specified for a tag, the tag is merely a functional

-division, and was printed in plain font unless otherwise tagged.  This type

-of segment is marked by an asterisk (*) where the font name would be.

-   The size of the "plain" font in the original text is about 1.6 mm for

-the height of capitalized letters.

-=============================================================

-Explicit typographical tags:

-   These were used where the purpose of a different font was merely to

-distinguish a word from the body of the text, and no explicit functional

-tag seemed apropriate.

------------------------------------

-Tag        Font

------------------------------------

-Explicit formatting tags:

-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

-<plain>    plain font (that used in the body of a definition) --

-              normally not marked, except within fields of

-              a different front.

-<it>       italic  (in master files)

-<i>        italic  (for use in HTML presentation)

-<bold>     bold    (in master files)

-<b>        bold    (for use in HTML presentation)

-<colf>   bold,    Collocation font.  Same font as used in collocations.

-        smaller      This is used only in the list of "un-" words not

-        by 1 point   actually defined in the dictionary.  Probably could be

-                     replaced by a segment mark for the entire list!

-                     The "un-" words should be indexed as headwords.

-

-<ct>   bold    Same as <colf>, a font similar to that used in 

-                 collocations.  However, this tag is used in a table

-                 and could be set to a different font.

-

-<h1>      *     HTML tag -- largest heading font.

-

-<h2>      *     HTML tag -- second largest heading font.

-

-<headrow> *    Marks a Row title in a table.

-

-<hwf>      Font the same as the headword <hw>, though the field is

-                 not a headword.  Used only once.

-

-<mitem>  *   Multiple items, a set of items in a table.

-<point ...> A series of point size markers, many unique.

-<point1.5> *  One of the tags of the form <point**> where **

-<point6>        represents the typographic point size of the 

-                enclosed text.

-<pre>     An HTML tag indicating that the enclosed text is

-             of teletype form, preformatted in a uniform-spaced

-             font.

-<sc>       small caps    (used mostly for "a. d.",  "b. c.")

-              This is the same font a <er>, but has no functional

-              or semantic significance

-<str>       group of table data elements in a table

-<sub>       subscript, like <subs>

-<subs>      subscript

-<sups>      superscript

-<supr>      superscript

-<sansserif> Sans-serif font

-<stypec>    Bold (collocation font) and also a subtype.

-<tt>         HTML tage -- teletype font

-<universbold>  A squared bold font without serifs approximating the

-               "universe bold" font on the HP Laserjet4, slightly 

-               larger than the capitals in a definition body.  Used

-               in expositions describing shapes, such as

-                  "Y", "T", "U", "X", "V", "F".

-<vertical>  Vertically organized column.

-<column1>   Vertically organized column -- only part of a table

-              which needs to be completed.  Used once.

-<...type>   A series of tags, many unique, designating certain

-              unusual fonts, such as "bourgeoistype" for

-              "bourgeois type", in the section on typography.

-           Most of these occur only once, in the section on fonts.

-<antiquetype>

-<blacklettertype>

-<boldfacetype>

-<bourgeoistype>

-<boxtype>

-<clarendontype>

-<englishtype>

-<extendedtype>

-<frenchelzevirtype>

-<germantype>

-<gothictype>

-<greatprimertype>

-<longprimertype>

-<miniontype>

-<nonpareiltype>

-<oldenglishtype>

-<oldstyletype>

-<pearltype>

-<picatype>

-<scripttype>

-<smpicatype>

-<typewritertype>

-

-=============================================================

-Tags with semantic content:

-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

-<altsp>    *          Alternative spelling segment.  Almost always

-                         contained within square brackets after the main

-                          definition segment.  Expository words

-                          such as "Spelled also" are in plain font;

-                          the actual alternative spelling is marked by

-                          <asp> ...  </asp> tags within this segment.

-

-<ant>     italic     Antonym.

-

-<asp>    italic      Alternative spelling.  The actual word which is an

-                          alternative spelling to the headword.  These

-                          are functionally synonyms of the headword.  In

-                          most cases these also occur as headwords, with

-                          reference to the word where the actual definition

-                          is found, but not all such words are listed

-                          separately, particularly if the spelling is

-                          close enough to the headword to be found at the

-                          same point in the dictionary.  Whether listed

-                          separately or not, these words should

-                          be indexed at this location, also.

-

-<au>    italic          Authority or author.  Used where an authority is

-      (may be right-       given for a definition, and also used for the

-       justified. See      author, where a quotation within double quotes

-       in the section      is given in  the same paragraph as the

-       on formatting).     definition.  The double quotes are indicated

-                           by the open-quote (\'bd) and close-quote

-                           (\'b8).   In both cases, it is typically

-                           right-justified, almost always fitting on

-                           the same line with the last line of the

-                           definition or quotation.

-                               Within collocation segments, it is usually

-                           used only after quotations, and is not right-

-                           justified, except occasionally where it

-                           would be close to the right margin, and then

-                           apparently is is right-justified.  We have

-                           not explicitly marked those which are

-                           right-justified, but they can be

-                           recognized because they are on a line by

-                           themselves, preceded by two carriage returns.

-

-<bio>       *       Marks a biography.  Should be longer than

-                      a short mention of who a person was, which

-                      is typically included as a definition.

-

-<biography>   *     Same as <bio>

-

-<booki>  italic      Marks the name of a book, pamphlet, or similar

-                     document.

-

-<branchof>    *       A field of knowledge which of which the headword 

-                           is a division.

-

-<caption>    *     Caption of a figure or table.

-

-<cas>       *      tags the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) registry

-                      number for a chemical substance. 

-

-<causes> italic    tags the infectious disease caused by the headword.

-                   Implied type of the agent is a microorganism, and

-                   the tag must mark a disease.

-

-<causesp>    *      Same as <causes> without the italic type.

-<causedbyp>  *      Same as <causedby> without the italic type.

-

-<causedby> italic  inverse of causes: tags the causative agent of an

-                   infectious disease, which is the headword .

-                   the tag must mark a microorganism, virus, or

-                   prion, and the implied type of the headword is 

-                   a disease.

-

-<centered>  Used only for The single letter in the headers to each

-            letter of the alphabet.

-

-<city>    *        marks the proper name of a city.  Used only

-                   occasionally and not consistently at this stage.

-

-<cnvto>   italic    Converted to: used to tag substances which are

-                      products prepared by conversion from the

-                      headword.  Usually chemicals or complex

-                      products from mnatuarl materials.  Rarely used

-                      up to 1998.

-

-<colheads>  *      List of heads for the columns of a table.

-

-<coltitle>  *      Title of a column in a table.

-

-<comm>      *      Comment -- differs from <note> in being in-line with 

-                     the definition paragraph.  Provides a little

-                     additional information.

-

-<company>   *      Name of a company (commercial firm).  Compare <org>

-

-<compof>  italic    Composed of.  Tags a substance of which the 

-                      headword is at least partly composed.  The

-                      substance may be particulate, such as

-                      diatoms composing diatomaceous earth.

-

-<contains>  *       marks an object contained within the headword.

-

-<contr>   italic    Contrasting word.  Not exactly an antonym, which

-                      is marked <ant>, but a contrasting word which is

-                      often introduced as "opposite to" or "contrasts

-                      with".

-

-<country>  *       Name of a country (nation) of the world.

-

-<cref>  italic     Collocation reference.  A reference to a collocation.

-                        Each such collocation should have its own entry,

-                        marked by <col> ... </col> tags, and these

-                        references should function as hypertext buttons

-                        to access that entry.

-

-<date>      *        A Date, of any type, e.g. <date>Dec. 25</date>.

-

-<datey>     *        Date-with-year tags a date containing a year.

-

-<def>       *         definition.  The definition may have subfields,

-                            particularly <as> (an illustrative phrase

-                            starting with "as" or "thus" and containing

-                            the headword (or a morphological derivative).

-                            The <mark>, \'bd...\'b8 quotations (left and

-                            right double quotes) and <au> fields may be

-                            found within a definition field, but should

-                            and usually are located outside the definition

-                            proper.  The marking macro was

-                            inconsistent in this placement, and the

-                            exclusion of the <mark>, <au> and quotations

-                            needs to be completed by the proof-readers.

-                                 Certain definitions contain <pos>

-                           fields within them, where the headword is

-                           an irregular derivative of another headword.

-                           In these cases, the <pos> field follows

-                           immediately after the <def> tag, and these

-                           entries do not have a separate <pos> field.

-                           In such cases, the <pos> field is italic, as

-                           usual.

-

-<divof>        *     Division of the headword, usually an organization.

-                     E. g. a faculty or department of a university,

-                     or a United Nations agency.

-

-<edi>       *        Marks an education institution, a subtype of

-                           organization.

-

-<emits>     *      tags a physical object or form of radiation

-                       emitted by the headword

-

-<figure>    Just a place-holder for illustrations, but seldom used.

-

-<film>    italic      Marks the name of a movie film.

-

-<fld>     italic         Field of specialization.  Most often used for

-                           Zoology and Botany, but many "fields of

-                           specialization" are marked for technical

-                           terms.  The parentheses are usually within this

-                           field, but are not themselves in italics.

-

-<geog>  *       Name of a geograpahical region of any size;

-                    if applicable, the more specific <city>,

-                    <state>, or <country> are preferred.

-

-<hypen>     *          Hyperym.  Points to the hypernym from WordNet 1.5

-                          Initially, used only for entries extracted

-                          from WordNet 1.5.  Not present in the original

-                          1913 version.

-                                           

-<illu>     *  Illustrative usage -- mostly from WordNet, and placed

-               outside the definition, in contrast to <as> usage.

-              These should be converted to <as>...</as> illustrative

-              usage format for consistency.

-

-<illust>   *  Illustration place-holder.  Seldom used.

-<img>      *  HTML usage -- points to an image file, usually

-               .gif or .jpg.  These have no closing tag, and 

-               will appear as errors in parsing.

-<intensi>  *   Points to a word whose meaning is an intensified 

-                  form of the headword. Taken from WordNet

-                  tags, used with some adjectives from WordNet

-<item>     *  Designates one item in a row of a table.  Used only when

-               intervening spaces do not serve properly as natural

-               field separaters.

-<itran>  italic  Translation into a foreign (non-English) language 

-                   of the previous word in the text -- italic font.

-                   (<sig> is a translation into English)

-<itrans>  italic  Same as <itran>

-<jour>     *    Title of a journal (periodical).

-<matrix>   *    Always a filled rectangular array.

-<matrix2x5> *   A 2x5 matrix (2 rows by 5 columns).

-<mstypec>  *    Multiple synonymous subtypes -- used in 

-                  def. of "grass".

-<mtable>   *    Multiple table, encloses <table> figures.

-<musfig>   *    Music figure.  Only in a note under the entry "Figure", 

-                the two numbers of each such field

-                are bold, 20 point type, stacked as in a fraction with

-                a bar between them, but also having a horizontal stroke  

-                midway through each numeral. Unique to this entry.

-<p>        *   paragraph tag, used always in pairs.  Line breaks may

-                  be embedded inside the paragraphs.

-<person>  *    marks the proper name of a person.  Used only

-                   occasionally, but should be used more frequently

-                   for cases where first names are abbreviated,

-                   to reduce ambiguity of the period for automatic

-                   analysis.  Where a title is given, prefixed 

-                   or postfixed, it is included in this tag.

-

-<persfn>  *     marks the name of a person, when only one name

-                   (usually the last name) is given.  Not used

-                   consistently where it should be.

-

-<publ>    *    Marks the name of a publication other than book, 

-                  which is marked by <booki>.  It is often a

-                  magazine or journal.

-<qpers>   *    Tags the name of a person who is speaking, 

-                  within a quotation.

-<qperson>      Same as <qpers>

-<cp>      *    Collocation, plain text -- used to tag phrases that

-                  should be parsed as a unit, but has no typographical

-                  significance.

-<qau>    italic  Always right-justified, as described for <au>.

-<ref>     *     A reference to a word in the vocabulary.

-<refs>    *     Marks the set of references used for a longer article

-                  such as a biography.

-<river>   *     Marks the name of a river -- a proper name

-<rj>      *     Right justified

-<row>     *     Designates a row in a table.

-<state>   *    Name of a geopolitical state, the first subdivision of

-                 a country. Includes, e.g. Canadian provinces.

-<subtypes> *   Lists subtypes of the headword.

-<sup>     *    superscript

-<supr>    *    Supra.  The two parts of each such field

-                 are stacked, one over the other, *without* a

-                 horizontal bar between (as in a fraction).

-                 Used only in one entry, for a musical notation.

-<table>   *   Always a filled rectangular array, having <row> and <item>

-                  elements.

-<td>      *   Table datum - one cell in a table

-<th>      *   Table header

-<tradename> *  Tags a commercial Trade name

-<ttitle>   *   Table title (Larger than normal font)

-====================================================================

-

-Functional Tags

---------------------------------------------------------------------

-Tag        Font                        Meaning

-                      (Comparatives are relative to the plain font.)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

-<--    -->   *    Comment, not a tag.  These segments should be deleted

-                     from the written or printed text.

-                  Page numbers of the original text are indicated

-                     within such comments;  these may be left in, if

-                      desired.

-

-<!   !>      *    HTML-style comment.  Used to indicate page numbers 

-                     in the public domain version.

-

-<adjf>   small caps     Tags for the actual adjective or adverb

-                            comparatives or superlatives.  Should be

-                            indexed. See also conjf (verbs) and

-                            decf (nouns).

-

-<altname>  italic        Alternative name.  Usually for plants or animals,

-                           but also used for other cases where words

-                           are introduced by "also called", "called also",

-                           "formerly called".  These are functionally

-                           *synonyms* for that word-sense.

-

-<altnpluf> italic        Same as <altname>, but the marked word is a

-                            plural form, whereas the headword is singular.

-

-<amorph>      *         Adjective morphological segment, primarily

-                           the comparative and superlative forms.

-                           The occasional adverb morphology is

-                           also tagged this way.

-

-<as>        *           A segment occurring within the definitional

-                          sentence, providing an example of usage of

-                          the headword.  Not conceptually a part of the

-                          actual definition.

-

-<cd>   smaller spacing  Collocation definition.  Similar in structure

-                           to headword definitions (the <def> field).  May

-                           contain an <as> field.  Plain type, but with

-                           closer spacing than main definitions.

-

-<col>    bold,            Collocation.  A word combination containing the

-         smaller by           headword (or a morphological derivative).

-         1 point              The collocations do not have an explicitly

-                              marked part of speech.

-                          See also <ecol>, tagging embedded collocations.

-

-<colp>                   Collocation, no typographic significance.

-                             Used to mark a word combination defined in

-                             the dictionary without affect on font.

-

-<conjf>   small caps    The conjugated (non-infinitive) forms of 

-                           verbs.  imp. & p. p. is common, as well as

-                           p. pr. & vb. n.   Irregular variants of

-                           these are less common.  Words in this

-                           field perhaps should be indexed.

-

-<cs>   smaller          Collocation segment. The font and size is

-       vertical            normal in a cs, but the spacing between lines

-       spacing             is smaller (0.9 mm between lower-case letters,

-                           rather than 1.1 mm in the main body of the

-                           definition).  For an on-line dictionary,

-                           reproducing this typography is probably

-                           pointless.

-

-<decf>    small caps    The actual morphological variants of nouns or

-                            pronouns.  Should be indexed.

-

-<ecol>       *           Embedded Collocation.  A word combination

-                           containing the headword (or a morphological

-                           derivative, embedded within a definition 

-                           without a separate definitin of its own.

-                           These collocations should be defined

-                           implicitly by the text of the definition in

-                           which they are embedded.

-                         See also <col>, tagging explicitly defined

-                            collocations.

-<er>      Small Caps     Entry reference.  References to headwords

-                           within the "etymology" section are in small

-                           caps.  Such references also occur

-                           in the body of definitions, and in "usage"

-                           segments.

-                        Such entry references should function as hypertext

-                           buttons to access that entry.

-

-<ety>        *           Etymology.  Always contained within square

-                           brackets.  Normal type is used for explanatory

-                           comments, and italics for the actual words

-                           (marked <ets>) considered as etymological

-                           sources.

-

-<ets>      italic        Etymological source.  Words from which the

-                           headword was derived, or to which it is related.

-                           The Greek words within an etymology segment

-                           are invariably etymology sources, and should

-                           be marked as such, but are not so marked,

-                           even in the rare cases where the Greek word

-                           transliteration has been written in.

-

-<etsep>    italic        Etymological source, being the name of a person

-                            or geographical location which is the eponym

-                            for the concept.  This is used to distinguish

-                            eponymous etymologies from others, and can also

-                            be found in the body of a definition or note,

-                            not only in the etymology field.  Very few

-                            of the names that should be marked this way

-                            have actually been so marked, as of version

-                            0.42.  In cases where such eponymous names

-                            have not yet been thus marked, they will

-                            usually be marked by <xex>, the non-semantic

-                            italic-font marker, or, in etymologies, by

-                            <ets>.

-

-<ex>      italic       Example.  An example of usage of the headword,

-                          usually found within an <as> or <note> segment.

-

-<fr>        *           Frequency of use, ordinal rank.  This is used for

-                           WordNet entries, in which the synonyms

-                           were ranked in order of frequency of use.

-                           <fr>1</fr> indicates that the headword is the

-                           first word on the list of synonyms.

-

-<fu>         *           First use.  A date at or around which the first 

-                            use of this word in writing is recorded.

-                            Not in the original 1913 Webster, and usu.

-                            taken from a recent dictionary.  Only a few

-                            such fields have been entered as of version

-                            0.41

-

-<grk>   transliteration  Greek.  The Greek words have been transliterated

-                             using the equivalents explained in the

-                             file "webfonts.asc".  In most cases, the

-                             transliterations are typical for Greek

-                             letters, except for theta (transl = q),

-                             phi (transl. = f), eta (transl. = h), and

-                             upsilon (transl. = y, whether pronounced

-                             as y or u).  This was to eliminate any

-                             ambiguity.  These words occur primarily

-                             in etymologies, and to conform to the

-                             usage of <ets> should also be marked

-                             by <ets>, but as of version 0.41 they

-                             are not usually thus marked.

-

-<hw>       bold,         headword.  Each main entry begins with the <hw>

-           larger by       mark, and ends at the next <hw> mark.  The

-           2 points        main entries are not otherwise explicitly

-                           marked as a distinctive field.

-                              The same word may appear as a headword

-                          several times, usually as different parts

-                          of speech, but sometimes with different

-                          entries as the same part of speech, presumably

-                          to indicate a different etymology.

-                              Within the hw field the heavy accent is

-                           represented by double quote ("), the

-                           light accent by open-single-quote (`),

-                           and the short dash separating syllables by

-                           an asterisk (*). A hyphen (-) is used to

-                           represent the hyphen of hyphenated words.

-

-<mark>     italic,       Usage mark.  Almost always within square

-                          brackets, occasionally in parentheses or

-                          without any bracketing.

-           but            The most common usage marks,

-           explanatory    "Obs." = obsolete "R." = rare, "Colloq." =

-           may be plain.   colloquial, "Prov. Eng." = Provincial England,

-                           etc. are in italics.  Some usage notes are also

-                          marked with <mark>, but are in plain.  For

-                          simplicity, all words in this field may be

-                          italic, until additional explicit marks are

-                          added.

-

-<markp>     *           A usage mark in plain type (not italic).  Found

-                          within a definition, when there are more than

-                          one sense-number listed.  "Fig." at the head

-                          of an entry is the most common case.

-

-<mcol>     *              Multiple collocation.  Similar to multiple

-                            headword, when two or more collocations share

-                            one definition; however, the two collocations

-                            are in-line, rather than stacked or justified.

-                               There may be "or" or "and" words

-                            (italicised), or an "etc." (plain type)

-                            within this field.  In many cases, the

-                            <or/ and <and/ entities are used to

-                            signify the change of font for these words.

-

-<mhw>        *          Multiple headword.   This field is used where

-                           more than one headword shares a single

-                           definition.  In the dictionary, the

-                           (usually) two headwords are left-justified

-                           one below the other in the column, and are

-                           tied together on the right side of the

-                           headwords by a long right curly brace.

-                              This division is strictly functional,

-                           for analytical purposes, and does not

-                           affect the typography.

-

-<nmorph>      *         Noun morphology section.  Rarely used, mostly

-                             for irregular personal pronouns.

-

-<note>    *              Explanatory note.  No explicit font is indicated.

-                            These segments may be separate, as in the

-                            separate paragraphs starting <note><hand/,

-                            or they may just be further explanation within

-                            (or more usually, following) the main

-                            definition paragraph.  Typographically,

-                            the notes following the main definition may

-                            not be distinguishable from additional

-                            sentences appended to the first sentence

-                            of a definition.

-

-<plu>        *           Plural.  The "plural" segment starts with a

-                           "pl." which is italicised, but in this

-                           segment is not otherwise marked as

-                           italicised.  Other words occurring in this

-                           segment are plain type.  The "pl." can be

-                           easily explicitly marked if necessary.

-

-<pos>       italic       Part of speech.  Always an abbreviation: e.g.,

-                          n.; v. i.; v. t.; a.; adv.; pron.; prep.

-                          Combinations may occur, as "a. & n.".

-

-<plw>    small caps      Plural word.  The actual plural form of the word,

-                            found within a <plu> segment.

-

-<pr>        *           pronunciation.  The default font is normal, but

-                           many non-ASCII characters are used.

-                           The pronunciation field may have more than

-                           one pronunciation, separated by an "<or/".

-                           (An "or" here is in italic, and usually is

-                           represented by the entity <or/).

-                           There may also be some commentary, such as

-                           "Fr."(French pronunciation) or "archaic".

-                           The commentaries are typically italic, and

-                           should be marked as such.  In certain

-                           pronunciations there is a numbered reference

-                           to a root form explained in an introductory

-                           section on pronunciation.

-                               Very few of the pronunciation fields have

-                           been filled in.  The pronunciation markings use

-                           a more complicated method than more modern

-                           dictionaries.  It would be interesting to have

-                           these fields filled in, if there are any

-                           volunteers willing to do it.

-

-<q>     smaller by         Quotation.  No bracketing quotation marks,

-        two points,          though occasionally \'bd-\'b8 quotations occur

-         centered,           within these quotations.  These quotations

-        Separate             tend to be more complete sentences, rather

-         paragraph           than just phrases, such as are contained

-                             within quotation marks within the definition

-                             paragraph.

-

-<qau>    italic,          Quotation author.  Used only for the quotations

-       right justified       marked with <q> that are centered in their

-                             own paragraphs.

-

-<qex>    italic           Quotation example.  An example of usage of

-                            the headword, within quotations marked

-                            by <q>..</q> tags.

-

-<sd>    italic     Subdefinition, marked (a), (b), (c), etc.  THese are

-                       finer distinctions of word senses, used

-                       within numbered word-sense (for main entries),

-                       and also used for subdefinitions within

-                       collocation segments, which have no numbering of

-                       senses.  The letter is italic, the parentheses

-                       are not.  This tag is also used to indicate the

-                       lettered subdefinition when it is referred to

-                       at another point in the text.

-

-<ship>  italic      The name of a ship.  Rarely used.

-

-<sing>      *          Singular. Analogous to the <plu> segment, but more

-                            rarely used, mostly for Indian tribes, which

-                            are listed in the plural form.

-

-<singw>  small caps     Singular word.  The singular form of the

-                            plural-form  headword.

-

-<sn>       bold,         Sense number.  A headword may have over 20

-           larger by       different sense numbers.  Within each numbered

-           2 points        sense there may be lettered sub-senses.  See

-                           the <sd> (sub-definition) field.

-

-<source> italic     Source.  The author of the definition.  Used only 

-                           for definitions not originally present in

-                           Webster 1913, and not present in the original

-                           version intended to mimic the 1913 printed

-                           dictionary.  This source is used for each

-                           word sense, and may differ for different

-                           senses of a word, especially where a Web1913

-                           definition was substantially modified, or a

-                           new word sense was added to a previously

-                           defined word.

-

-<syn>    plain      Synonyms.  A list of synonyms, sometimes followed

-                       by a <usage> segment.

-

-<usage>  narrower   Comparisons of word usage for words which are

-         spacing      sometimes confused.  As with collocation segments,

-                      font is plain, but spacing is smaller than

-                      normal definition spacing.  This seems pointlessly

-                      complicating for an on-line display.

-

-<vmorph>     *           Verb morphology (conjugation) segment, delimited

-                            by square brackets.

-

-<wordforms>  *           Morphological derivatives not contained in the

-                           bracketed segments, as above.  For nouns

-                           derived from adjectives, adverbs from

-                           adjectives, etc.  This segment is usually

-                           found at the end of the main entry. The

-                           adverbial and nominalized derivatives at the

-                           end of a main entry are usually introduced

-                           by an em dash [represented as two hyphens (--)].

-

-<wf>      bold,          Same font as <hw>, with accents and syllable

-          larger by        breaks marked as in the headword.

-          2 points         Marks the actual morphological forms within

-                           a <wordforms> segment; typically, adverbial or

-                           nominalized form of an adjective.

-

-

-<def2>     *        Second definition (occasionally, a third definition is

-                       present).  This is used where a second or third

-                       part of speech with the same orthography is

-                       placed under one headword.  Within this segment,

-                       there will be a <pos> field, and sometimes

-                       a <mark> and/or a quotation.

-

-<specif>   *       "Specifically:"  Used to mark the words "specifically",

-                    "Hence", "as" which are used to introduce a second

-                    definition typically more specific than the first,

-                    but in general derived by extension of the initial

-                    definition.   This functions as a warning of multiple

-                    definitions where the sense-numbers are not explicitly

-                    used.  It is also useful in separate senses, to 

-                    tag polysemous definitions which may be

-                    specializations or generalizations of the preceding 

-                    definition.

-

-<pluf>   italic.   Plural form.

-                      Used exclusively to mark the "pl." abbreviation,

-                      which introduces a definition for the headword,

-                      *when used in the plural form*.  Not related to

-                      <plu>, which spells out the plural form, but does

-                      define it.

-

-<uex>    italic    Usage example.  Used only a few times, within

-                       <usage> segments.

-

-<isa>    italic    supertype (hypernym) the inverse of <stype> and 

-                   identical to <hypen> but not derived from WordNet.

-

-<chform>  plain,   Chemical formula.  The letters are plain font,

-         numbers     but the numbers are subscript.   This is mostly

-         subscript   useful as a functional mark to pinpoint

-                     chemicals.

-

-<chformi> plain,   Chemical formula same as <chform>, but not

-                     processed specially by the tag-converter program.

-                     The letters are plain font, but the numbers are

-                           subscript.

-                     Used in place of <chform> when the formula has

-                        a tag inside, which cannot now be processed by the

-                        <chform> processing routine.

-

-<chname>   *       chemical name.  Used to allow a IUPAC chemical

-                   name to be processed as a unit in spite of

-                   embedded dashes, parentheses, and commas.

-

-<see>     *        "see" reference to related words, outside of the

-                      main <def>definition</def> field.

-                  

-<mathex> italic    Mathematical expression.  In this dictionary,

-                     essentially all letters (used as variable labels)

-                     in math expressions are in italic font.

-                     The "+" and "-" may also appear typographically

-                     different from elsewhere in the dictionary.

-

-<ratio> italic    Also a mathematical expression, but the colon and

-                     double colon may have a different typography

-                     than usual., as in <ratio>a:b</ratio>

-

-<singf>  italic   Singular form.  Analogous to <pluf>, to define

-                     the singular word where the headword is the

-                     plural form. ** only modifies the word "sing."

-

-<mord>    *       Morphological derivation.  Used to mark the

-                     entry-reference portions of those

-                     entries which are defined as morphological

-                     derivatives (plural, p. p., imp.) of other

-                     headwords.  Used just as an attempt to

-                     mark and regularize the entry format.

-                     May be ignored typographically.

-

-<fract> a stack,  Fraction.  Used for non-numerical fractions

-          with       which cannot be expressed as a <frac12/-style

-        numerator,   entity.  The forward slash "/" is to be

-        horizontal   interpreted as a horizontal line separating

-         bar, and    the numerator and denominator.

-       denominator

-

-<exp>  superscript,  Exponential.  Used in mathematical expressions.

-        smaller

-         font.

-

-<xlati> italic     Translation (e.g. of Greek), in the body of a

-                      definition or etymology.  Used only twice.

-

-<tran>  italic     Word translated: the word in italic is translated

-                      by a subsequent word. Usually in etymologies, where 

-                      the word translated is not actually etymologically

-                      related to the headword.  The translated word

-                      is not necessarily English.

-

-<tr>     italic    translation of the preceding word (or of the

-                      headword) into English.

-

-<fexp>    *        Functional expression (math).  The function names are

-                     in plain type, the variables are italic.

-

-<iref>   italic    Illustration reference.  Used ony occasionally, not

-                       yet (v. 0.41) consistently.

-

-<figref> italic    Figure reference.

-

-<figcap>   *       Figure caption.

-

-<figtitle>   *       Figure title.

-

-<funct>     *     tags a mathematical function or expression.

-

-<chreact>  *      Chemical reaction.  Similar to chemical formulas (which

-                    are contained but not explicitly marked), with

-                    some other symbols.

-

-<ptcl>  italic    Verb Particle.  Only a few particles were actually

-                    marked, but in a future version more may be.

-

-<tabtitle> ?      Table Title.  Used only once.

-

-<title>  italic   Title of a literary work, movie, opera, musical

-                     composition, etc.  Used rarely but should be

-                     used in every case, except in <au> references.

-

-<root>    *       Square root -- differs from the entity <root/,

-                    which is a square root sign that does not extend

-                    beyond the number following it.  The <root>

-                    field has a bar (vinvulum) over the expression 

-                    within the field, as well as the square root symbol

-                    preceding the  expression in the field.  Used only

-                    once.

-

-<vinc>    *      Vinculum.  In a mathematical expression, a bar

-                    extending over the expression within the field.

-                    Used only once.  This apparently serves the same

-                    function as a parentheses, of causing the 

-                    expression within the field to be evaluated

-                    and the result used as the (mathematical) value 

-                    of the field.

-

-<nul>    plain   Nultype.  An older version of <plain>.

-

-<cd2>     *      Second collocation definition.  Somewhat similar to

-                   <def2>.  Purely a mark to reduce functional ambiguity,

-                   with no effect on the typography.

-

-<hypen>   *      Hypernym.  Mark introduced for the World Wide Webster,

-                    when adding words from WordNet.  In most cases, this

-                    tag marks the WordNet hypernym (for nouns and verbs).

-                    Where the <au> mark is PJC or includes a +PJC, the

-                    hypernym may not be the same as in WordNet.  The words

-                    marked by this tag need to be bracketed in some way,

-                    but this is deferred until the definitions included

-                    with the hypernyms have been deleted, and other

-                    disambiguating marks substituted.

-

-<stype>  italic   Subtype.  A functional mark, to point out words which

-                     are conceptually subtypes of the headword.

-

-<styp>      *     Subtype.  A functional mark, to point out words which

-                      are conceptually subtypes of the headword, but

-                      with no *typographical* significance.

-

-<simto>  *       Similar-to.  A semantic relational mark for 

-                     closely related words which are not quite

-                     synonyms, nor hypernyms, nor hyponyms.  Introduced

-                     with WordNet data.

-

-<conseq>   *     Consequence.  For adjectives, is an attribute which

-   or               is a consequence of possessing the headword attribute.

-<hascons>           Introduced with WordNet data.

-

-<consof>   *     Consequence of.  For adjectives, an attribute which

-                    implies the headword as a natural consequence.

-

-<part>    italic   Part.  Marks a word designating something which is

-                     conceptually a part of the headword. Rarely used.

-

-<parts>   italic   Part, plural form.  Same as <part>, but marks the

-                      name of the part in its plural form.

-

-<partof>    *      Marks a word designating something of which the headword

-                     is conceptually a part. Inverse of <part>.  

-                     This is very broad, and may mean constituent or

-                     separable part.

-                     Rarely used.

-

-<contxt>    *      Context.   Used only for introductions to definitions,

-                       giving the context of usage, which are not part

-                       of the definition proper, as:

-                      <contxt>when used of a person:</contxt>

-

-<grp>       *      Marks the name of a group of people not formally

-                     organized.

-

-<membof> italic    marks a group of which the headword is a member.

-                   This is rarely used, but should be indexed as

-                   an entry word or phrase.

-

-<member> italic    marks a member of a group defined by the headword.

-                   This is rarely used, but should be indexed as

-                   an entry word or phrase.

-

-<members> italic   Same as <member>, but marks a plural word,

-                   designating the name of the members in its plural form,

-                   for lack of ambiguity.

-

-<method>   *      Designates a special type of definition which

-                    describes a method for achieving the headword,

-   

-                    used only once for the word "amend".  The

-                    subdefinitions begin with "by".

-

-<corpn>    *      Name of a business company, corporation, or partnership.

-                  Started using November 1988. Rare.

-

-<corr>    italic  Correlative.  A word intimately associated with the

-                     headword in a manner such that one cannot

-                     appear without the other.  NOt exactly an inverse.

-

-<qperson> italic   marks the name of a person, quoted in a dialogue.

-                   Used only in <q> blockquotes as of vers. 0.45.

-

-<org>     *        marks the name of an organization; sometimes used

-                     for the names of groups of people not 

-                     formally organized *see also <grp>.

-

-<prod>   italic    produces.  Designates a substance produced by

-                   a living organism.  Rarely used.

-

-<prodp>    *       produces (plainfont).  Designates a substance

-                   produced by a living organism.  Same as <prod>, 

-                   but does not affect font. Rarely used.

-

-<prodby>    *      produced by.  Designates a living organism which

-                   produces the headword substance. Rarely used.

-

-<prodmac> italic   produces.  Designates an object or substance produced

-                   by a machine or process.  Rarely used.

-

-<stage>  italic    life stage of an organism.  Used to indicate

-                   variant forms of an organism defined by the

-                   headword.  Rarely used.

-

-<stageof>   *      an organism one of whose life stages is the headword.

-                   Inverse (correlative) of <stage>. Rarely used.

-

-<inv>    italic    inversely related to headword -- e.g. depository

-                   is the inverse of depositor; buyer is the inverse of

-                   seller.  Called "correlative" in the Webster 1913 and

-                   the CIDE.  Rarely used.

-

-<methodfor> italic is a method to accomplish the action defined by

-                   the headword.  Rarely used, and only in the

-                   supplemental section.

-

-<examp>  italic    example or instance of the headword, where the

-                   tagged and emphasized word is not a proper subtype.

---------------------------------------

-<p><hw>Pa*ron"y*mous</hw> <p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as <examp>all</examp> and <examp>awl</examp>; <examp>hair</examp> and <examp>hare</examp>, etc.</def><br/

-[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

--------------------------------------

-

-<sfield>  *       subfield of the headword, which must be a field

-                    of study or of knowledge

-<stage> italic    a stage of life of the headword -- for living things,

-                    such as insects, whose life stages may take different

-                    names.

-

-<unit> italic     a unit of measure, usually preceded by a number.

-                    Also used to tag the unit of a measure which is the

-                    headword.

-

-<uses> italic     tags a tool or method used by the headword,

-                    which is usually some process.

-

-<usedfor> *      tags a method or process for which the headword

-                    is a tool.

-

-<usedby> italic  tags a tool or method which uses the headword,

-                    which is usually a physical object.

-

-<perf> italic     performs -- tags a word which is a process or

-                  activity performed by the headword.

-

-<recipr> italic  reciprocal -- used for cases where the tagged word

-                   is a reciprocal participant in an action, such as

-                   donor and recipient.  The difference between this and

-                   <inv> inverse has not yet been systematically settled.

-                   Used seldom, and mostly in the supplemented version.

-

-<sig>  italic    significance, meaning -- used in definitions where the 

-                   actual meaning is prefixed with commentary explaining

-                   usage or other attributes of the word, as with

-                   prefixes or suffixes. 

-

-<wns>  italic    WordNet sense.  Where known, the correspondence of the 

-                   sense of an entry with that of WordNet 1.6 is

-                   given after the definition, in a tag of the 

-                   form: <wns>[wns=3]</wns>, in which the number

-                   is the numbered sense in WordNet.

-

-<w16ns> italic    WordNet version 1.6 sense.  See <wns> for

-                     explanation.

-<wnote>   *       A note related to usage in the corresponding 

-                      WordNet definition.

- =============================================================

-Biological classifications:

----------------------------

-<spn>     italic     Species name.  Used to mark the taxonomic names

-                      of living things which are represented in

-                      italic font in the original printed version.

-                      Originally, not only species, but genera, orders and 

-                      families were also thus marked.  The conversion from

-                      <spn> to <fam>, <gen>, or <ord> is not completed, and

-                      <spn> may stil be found marking such groups.

-                      However, orders and families are also frequently

-                      mentioned in the original in normal font, and in such

-                      cases are not marked with any tag.  So, this mark

-                      is not a reliable indicator of all mentions of

-                      taxonomic names.

-<kingdom>  italic      Taxonomic biological Kingdom name.

-<phylum>   italic      Taxonomic phylum name.

-<subphylum> italic     Taxonomic subphylum name.

-<class>    italic      Taxonomic class name.

-<subclass> italic      Taxonomic subclass name.

-<ord>      italic      Taxonomic order name.

-                           Also used for suborders, initially.

-<subord>   italic      Taxonomic suborder name.

-<suborder> italic      Taxonomic suborder name.

-<fam>      italic      Taxonomic family name.  Also used to tag "tribes".

-<subfam>   italic      Taxonomic subfamily name.

-<gen>      italic      Taxonomic genus name.

-<var>     italic   Variety.   Used to mark subspecies or varities below 

-                     the level of species in living organism systematic

-                     names.

-

-<varn>    italic   Variety.   Used to mark subspecies or varities below 

-                     the level of species in living organism systematic

-                     names.  Duplicative variant of <var>

-

-

+            FIELD MARKS FOR WEBSTER 1913 and CIDE
+            =====================================
+Tagset.web:
+     Explanations of the tags used to mark the Webster 1913 dictionary
+and the CIDE (Collaborative International Dictionary of English).
+Note that the list of tags used to mark the public domain version
+of this dictionary is shorter than the full set described here.
+    If any tag is not listed here, it is either (1) one of the 
+"point" (font size) or "type" (font style) tags, which should be self-explanatory; or
+        (2) Is a functional field with no effect on the typography.
+
+Last modified March 12, 1999.
+     For questions, contact:
+     Patrick Cassidy           cassidy@micra.com
+     735 Belvidere Ave.
+     Plainfield, NJ 07062
+     (908) 561-3416   or (908) 668-5252
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+A separate file, webfont.asc, contains the list of the individual 
+non-ASCII characters represented by either higher-order hexadecimal
+character marks (e.g., \'94, for o-umlaut) or by entity tags
+(e.g., <root/, for the square root symbol.)
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+     Use of tags:
+     In the MICRA electronic version of the 1913 Webster, each part of
+the entry headed by an entry word ("headword") is labeled so that no
+part of the entry except some punctuation marks should be found
+outside of all fields, i.e. every character should be within some tagged
+field.  In the following description, the word "segment" usually refers to 
+a major part of an entry such as an etymology or a definition or a 
+collocation segment or a usage block, containing more than one field.
+The term "field" may also be used similarly to "segment", but may also
+denote single-word fields, such as an alternative spelling, labeled <asp>.
+
+   Note: The tags on this list are similar in structure to SGML tags.  Each
+tag on this list  marks a field; each field opens with a tagname between
+angle brackets thus: <tagname>, and closes with a similar tag containing
+the forward slash thus: </tagname>.  No tags are used without closing
+tags.  Thus the HTML <BR> to indicate a line break is symbolized
+here as an entity, <br/, and every <p> has a corresponding </p>.
+    The absence of an end-field tag, or the presence of an end-field tag
+without a prior begin-field tag constitutes a typographical error, of which
+there may be a significant number.  Any errors detected should be brought
+to the attention of PJC or the appropriate editor.
+   Most of the tagged fields are presented in the text in italic type, 
+with a number of exceptions.  Where a word is contained within more than 
+one field, the innermost field determines the font to be used.  Wherever
+recognizable functional fields were found, an attempt was made to tag the
+field with a functional mark, but in many cases, words were italicised only
+to represent the word itself as a discourse entity, and in some such cases,
+the "italic" mark <it> was used, implying nothing regarding functionality
+of the word.  The base font is considered "plain".  Where an italic field
+is indicated, parentheses or brackets within the field are not italicised.
+   Where no font is specified for a tag, the tag is merely a functional
+division, and was printed in plain font unless otherwise tagged.  This type
+of segment is marked by an asterisk (*) where the font name would be.
+   The size of the "plain" font in the original text is about 1.6 mm for
+the height of capitalized letters.
+=============================================================
+Explicit typographical tags:
+   These were used where the purpose of a different font was merely to
+distinguish a word from the body of the text, and no explicit functional
+tag seemed apropriate.
+-----------------------------------
+Tag        Font
+-----------------------------------
+Explicit formatting tags:
+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
+<plain>    plain font (that used in the body of a definition) --
+              normally not marked, except within fields of
+              a different front.
+<it>       italic  (in master files)
+<i>        italic  (for use in HTML presentation)
+<bold>     bold    (in master files)
+<b>        bold    (for use in HTML presentation)
+<colf>   bold,    Collocation font.  Same font as used in collocations.
+        smaller      This is used only in the list of "un-" words not
+        by 1 point   actually defined in the dictionary.  Probably could be
+                     replaced by a segment mark for the entire list!
+                     The "un-" words should be indexed as headwords.
+
+<ct>   bold    Same as <colf>, a font similar to that used in 
+                 collocations.  However, this tag is used in a table
+                 and could be set to a different font.
+
+<h1>      *     HTML tag -- largest heading font.
+
+<h2>      *     HTML tag -- second largest heading font.
+
+<headrow> *    Marks a Row title in a table.
+
+<hwf>      Font the same as the headword <hw>, though the field is
+                 not a headword.  Used only once.
+
+<mitem>  *   Multiple items, a set of items in a table.
+<point ...> A series of point size markers, many unique.
+<point1.5> *  One of the tags of the form <point**> where **
+<point6>        represents the typographic point size of the 
+                enclosed text.
+<pre>     An HTML tag indicating that the enclosed text is
+             of teletype form, preformatted in a uniform-spaced
+             font.
+<sc>       small caps    (used mostly for "a. d.",  "b. c.")
+              This is the same font a <er>, but has no functional
+              or semantic significance
+<str>       group of table data elements in a table
+<sub>       subscript, like <subs>
+<subs>      subscript
+<sups>      superscript
+<supr>      superscript
+<sansserif> Sans-serif font
+<stypec>    Bold (collocation font) and also a subtype.
+<tt>         HTML tage -- teletype font
+<universbold>  A squared bold font without serifs approximating the
+               "universe bold" font on the HP Laserjet4, slightly 
+               larger than the capitals in a definition body.  Used
+               in expositions describing shapes, such as
+                  "Y", "T", "U", "X", "V", "F".
+<vertical>  Vertically organized column.
+<column1>   Vertically organized column -- only part of a table
+              which needs to be completed.  Used once.
+<...type>   A series of tags, many unique, designating certain
+              unusual fonts, such as "bourgeoistype" for
+              "bourgeois type", in the section on typography.
+           Most of these occur only once, in the section on fonts.
+<antiquetype>
+<blacklettertype>
+<boldfacetype>
+<bourgeoistype>
+<boxtype>
+<clarendontype>
+<englishtype>
+<extendedtype>
+<frenchelzevirtype>
+<germantype>
+<gothictype>
+<greatprimertype>
+<longprimertype>
+<miniontype>
+<nonpareiltype>
+<oldenglishtype>
+<oldstyletype>
+<pearltype>
+<picatype>
+<scripttype>
+<smpicatype>
+<typewritertype>
+
+=============================================================
+Tags with semantic content:
+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
+<altsp>    *          Alternative spelling segment.  Almost always
+                         contained within square brackets after the main
+                          definition segment.  Expository words
+                          such as "Spelled also" are in plain font;
+                          the actual alternative spelling is marked by
+                          <asp> ...  </asp> tags within this segment.
+
+<ant>     italic     Antonym.
+
+<asp>    italic      Alternative spelling.  The actual word which is an
+                          alternative spelling to the headword.  These
+                          are functionally synonyms of the headword.  In
+                          most cases these also occur as headwords, with
+                          reference to the word where the actual definition
+                          is found, but not all such words are listed
+                          separately, particularly if the spelling is
+                          close enough to the headword to be found at the
+                          same point in the dictionary.  Whether listed
+                          separately or not, these words should
+                          be indexed at this location, also.
+
+<au>    italic          Authority or author.  Used where an authority is
+      (may be right-       given for a definition, and also used for the
+       justified. See      author, where a quotation within double quotes
+       in the section      is given in  the same paragraph as the
+       on formatting).     definition.  The double quotes are indicated
+                           by the open-quote (\'bd) and close-quote
+                           (\'b8).   In both cases, it is typically
+                           right-justified, almost always fitting on
+                           the same line with the last line of the
+                           definition or quotation.
+                               Within collocation segments, it is usually
+                           used only after quotations, and is not right-
+                           justified, except occasionally where it
+                           would be close to the right margin, and then
+                           apparently is is right-justified.  We have
+                           not explicitly marked those which are
+                           right-justified, but they can be
+                           recognized because they are on a line by
+                           themselves, preceded by two carriage returns.
+
+<bio>       *       Marks a biography.  Should be longer than
+                      a short mention of who a person was, which
+                      is typically included as a definition.
+
+<biography>   *     Same as <bio>
+
+<booki>  italic      Marks the name of a book, pamphlet, or similar
+                     document.
+
+<branchof>    *       A field of knowledge which of which the headword 
+                           is a division.
+
+<caption>    *     Caption of a figure or table.
+
+<cas>       *      tags the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) registry
+                      number for a chemical substance. 
+
+<causes> italic    tags the infectious disease caused by the headword.
+                   Implied type of the agent is a microorganism, and
+                   the tag must mark a disease.
+
+<causesp>    *      Same as <causes> without the italic type.
+<causedbyp>  *      Same as <causedby> without the italic type.
+
+<causedby> italic  inverse of causes: tags the causative agent of an
+                   infectious disease, which is the headword .
+                   the tag must mark a microorganism, virus, or
+                   prion, and the implied type of the headword is 
+                   a disease.
+
+<centered>  Used only for The single letter in the headers to each
+            letter of the alphabet.
+
+<city>    *        marks the proper name of a city.  Used only
+                   occasionally and not consistently at this stage.
+
+<cnvto>   italic    Converted to: used to tag substances which are
+                      products prepared by conversion from the
+                      headword.  Usually chemicals or complex
+                      products from mnatuarl materials.  Rarely used
+                      up to 1998.
+
+<colheads>  *      List of heads for the columns of a table.
+
+<coltitle>  *      Title of a column in a table.
+
+<comm>      *      Comment -- differs from <note> in being in-line with 
+                     the definition paragraph.  Provides a little
+                     additional information.
+
+<company>   *      Name of a company (commercial firm).  Compare <org>
+
+<compof>  italic    Composed of.  Tags a substance of which the 
+                      headword is at least partly composed.  The
+                      substance may be particulate, such as
+                      diatoms composing diatomaceous earth.
+
+<contains>  *       marks an object contained within the headword.
+
+<contr>   italic    Contrasting word.  Not exactly an antonym, which
+                      is marked <ant>, but a contrasting word which is
+                      often introduced as "opposite to" or "contrasts
+                      with".
+
+<country>  *       Name of a country (nation) of the world.
+
+<cref>  italic     Collocation reference.  A reference to a collocation.
+                        Each such collocation should have its own entry,
+                        marked by <col> ... </col> tags, and these
+                        references should function as hypertext buttons
+                        to access that entry.
+
+<date>      *        A Date, of any type, e.g. <date>Dec. 25</date>.
+
+<datey>     *        Date-with-year tags a date containing a year.
+
+<def>       *         definition.  The definition may have subfields,
+                            particularly <as> (an illustrative phrase
+                            starting with "as" or "thus" and containing
+                            the headword (or a morphological derivative).
+                            The <mark>, \'bd...\'b8 quotations (left and
+                            right double quotes) and <au> fields may be
+                            found within a definition field, but should
+                            and usually are located outside the definition
+                            proper.  The marking macro was
+                            inconsistent in this placement, and the
+                            exclusion of the <mark>, <au> and quotations
+                            needs to be completed by the proof-readers.
+                                 Certain definitions contain <pos>
+                           fields within them, where the headword is
+                           an irregular derivative of another headword.
+                           In these cases, the <pos> field follows
+                           immediately after the <def> tag, and these
+                           entries do not have a separate <pos> field.
+                           In such cases, the <pos> field is italic, as
+                           usual.
+
+<divof>        *     Division of the headword, usually an organization.
+                     E. g. a faculty or department of a university,
+                     or a United Nations agency.
+
+<edi>       *        Marks an education institution, a subtype of
+                           organization.
+
+<emits>     *      tags a physical object or form of radiation
+                       emitted by the headword
+
+<figure>    Just a place-holder for illustrations, but seldom used.
+
+<film>    italic      Marks the name of a movie film.
+
+<fld>     italic         Field of specialization.  Most often used for
+                           Zoology and Botany, but many "fields of
+                           specialization" are marked for technical
+                           terms.  The parentheses are usually within this
+                           field, but are not themselves in italics.
+
+<geog>  *       Name of a geograpahical region of any size;
+                    if applicable, the more specific <city>,
+                    <state>, or <country> are preferred.
+
+<hypen>     *          Hyperym.  Points to the hypernym from WordNet 1.5
+                          Initially, used only for entries extracted
+                          from WordNet 1.5.  Not present in the original
+                          1913 version.
+                                           
+<illu>     *  Illustrative usage -- mostly from WordNet, and placed
+               outside the definition, in contrast to <as> usage.
+              These should be converted to <as>...</as> illustrative
+              usage format for consistency.
+
+<illust>   *  Illustration place-holder.  Seldom used.
+<img>      *  HTML usage -- points to an image file, usually
+               .gif or .jpg.  These have no closing tag, and 
+               will appear as errors in parsing.
+<intensi>  *   Points to a word whose meaning is an intensified 
+                  form of the headword. Taken from WordNet
+                  tags, used with some adjectives from WordNet
+<item>     *  Designates one item in a row of a table.  Used only when
+               intervening spaces do not serve properly as natural
+               field separaters.
+<itran>  italic  Translation into a foreign (non-English) language 
+                   of the previous word in the text -- italic font.
+                   (<sig> is a translation into English)
+<itrans>  italic  Same as <itran>
+<jour>     *    Title of a journal (periodical).
+<matrix>   *    Always a filled rectangular array.
+<matrix2x5> *   A 2x5 matrix (2 rows by 5 columns).
+<mstypec>  *    Multiple synonymous subtypes -- used in 
+                  def. of "grass".
+<mtable>   *    Multiple table, encloses <table> figures.
+<musfig>   *    Music figure.  Only in a note under the entry "Figure", 
+                the two numbers of each such field
+                are bold, 20 point type, stacked as in a fraction with
+                a bar between them, but also having a horizontal stroke  
+                midway through each numeral. Unique to this entry.
+<p>        *   paragraph tag, used always in pairs.  Line breaks may
+                  be embedded inside the paragraphs.
+<person>  *    marks the proper name of a person.  Used only
+                   occasionally, but should be used more frequently
+                   for cases where first names are abbreviated,
+                   to reduce ambiguity of the period for automatic
+                   analysis.  Where a title is given, prefixed 
+                   or postfixed, it is included in this tag.
+
+<persfn>  *     marks the name of a person, when only one name
+                   (usually the last name) is given.  Not used
+                   consistently where it should be.
+
+<publ>    *    Marks the name of a publication other than book, 
+                  which is marked by <booki>.  It is often a
+                  magazine or journal.
+<qpers>   *    Tags the name of a person who is speaking, 
+                  within a quotation.
+<qperson>      Same as <qpers>
+<cp>      *    Collocation, plain text -- used to tag phrases that
+                  should be parsed as a unit, but has no typographical
+                  significance.
+<qau>    italic  Always right-justified, as described for <au>.
+<ref>     *     A reference to a word in the vocabulary.
+<refs>    *     Marks the set of references used for a longer article
+                  such as a biography.
+<river>   *     Marks the name of a river -- a proper name
+<rj>      *     Right justified
+<row>     *     Designates a row in a table.
+<state>   *    Name of a geopolitical state, the first subdivision of
+                 a country. Includes, e.g. Canadian provinces.
+<subtypes> *   Lists subtypes of the headword.
+<sup>     *    superscript
+<supr>    *    Supra.  The two parts of each such field
+                 are stacked, one over the other, *without* a
+                 horizontal bar between (as in a fraction).
+                 Used only in one entry, for a musical notation.
+<table>   *   Always a filled rectangular array, having <row> and <item>
+                  elements.
+<td>      *   Table datum - one cell in a table
+<th>      *   Table header
+<tradename> *  Tags a commercial Trade name
+<ttitle>   *   Table title (Larger than normal font)
+====================================================================
+
+Functional Tags
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+Tag        Font                        Meaning
+                      (Comparatives are relative to the plain font.)
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+<--    -->   *    Comment, not a tag.  These segments should be deleted
+                     from the written or printed text.
+                  Page numbers of the original text are indicated
+                     within such comments;  these may be left in, if
+                      desired.
+
+<!   !>      *    HTML-style comment.  Used to indicate page numbers 
+                     in the public domain version.
+
+<adjf>   small caps     Tags for the actual adjective or adverb
+                            comparatives or superlatives.  Should be
+                            indexed. See also conjf (verbs) and
+                            decf (nouns).
+
+<altname>  italic        Alternative name.  Usually for plants or animals,
+                           but also used for other cases where words
+                           are introduced by "also called", "called also",
+                           "formerly called".  These are functionally
+                           *synonyms* for that word-sense.
+
+<altnpluf> italic        Same as <altname>, but the marked word is a
+                            plural form, whereas the headword is singular.
+
+<amorph>      *         Adjective morphological segment, primarily
+                           the comparative and superlative forms.
+                           The occasional adverb morphology is
+                           also tagged this way.
+
+<as>        *           A segment occurring within the definitional
+                          sentence, providing an example of usage of
+                          the headword.  Not conceptually a part of the
+                          actual definition.
+
+<cd>   smaller spacing  Collocation definition.  Similar in structure
+                           to headword definitions (the <def> field).  May
+                           contain an <as> field.  Plain type, but with
+                           closer spacing than main definitions.
+
+<col>    bold,            Collocation.  A word combination containing the
+         smaller by           headword (or a morphological derivative).
+         1 point              The collocations do not have an explicitly
+                              marked part of speech.
+                          See also <ecol>, tagging embedded collocations.
+
+<colp>                   Collocation, no typographic significance.
+                             Used to mark a word combination defined in
+                             the dictionary without affect on font.
+
+<conjf>   small caps    The conjugated (non-infinitive) forms of 
+                           verbs.  imp. & p. p. is common, as well as
+                           p. pr. & vb. n.   Irregular variants of
+                           these are less common.  Words in this
+                           field perhaps should be indexed.
+
+<cs>   smaller          Collocation segment. The font and size is
+       vertical            normal in a cs, but the spacing between lines
+       spacing             is smaller (0.9 mm between lower-case letters,
+                           rather than 1.1 mm in the main body of the
+                           definition).  For an on-line dictionary,
+                           reproducing this typography is probably
+                           pointless.
+
+<decf>    small caps    The actual morphological variants of nouns or
+                            pronouns.  Should be indexed.
+
+<ecol>       *           Embedded Collocation.  A word combination
+                           containing the headword (or a morphological
+                           derivative, embedded within a definition 
+                           without a separate definitin of its own.
+                           These collocations should be defined
+                           implicitly by the text of the definition in
+                           which they are embedded.
+                         See also <col>, tagging explicitly defined
+                            collocations.
+<er>      Small Caps     Entry reference.  References to headwords
+                           within the "etymology" section are in small
+                           caps.  Such references also occur
+                           in the body of definitions, and in "usage"
+                           segments.
+                        Such entry references should function as hypertext
+                           buttons to access that entry.
+
+<ety>        *           Etymology.  Always contained within square
+                           brackets.  Normal type is used for explanatory
+                           comments, and italics for the actual words
+                           (marked <ets>) considered as etymological
+                           sources.
+
+<ets>      italic        Etymological source.  Words from which the
+                           headword was derived, or to which it is related.
+                           The Greek words within an etymology segment
+                           are invariably etymology sources, and should
+                           be marked as such, but are not so marked,
+                           even in the rare cases where the Greek word
+                           transliteration has been written in.
+
+<etsep>    italic        Etymological source, being the name of a person
+                            or geographical location which is the eponym
+                            for the concept.  This is used to distinguish
+                            eponymous etymologies from others, and can also
+                            be found in the body of a definition or note,
+                            not only in the etymology field.  Very few
+                            of the names that should be marked this way
+                            have actually been so marked, as of version
+                            0.42.  In cases where such eponymous names
+                            have not yet been thus marked, they will
+                            usually be marked by <xex>, the non-semantic
+                            italic-font marker, or, in etymologies, by
+                            <ets>.
+
+<ex>      italic       Example.  An example of usage of the headword,
+                          usually found within an <as> or <note> segment.
+
+<fr>        *           Frequency of use, ordinal rank.  This is used for
+                           WordNet entries, in which the synonyms
+                           were ranked in order of frequency of use.
+                           <fr>1</fr> indicates that the headword is the
+                           first word on the list of synonyms.
+
+<fu>         *           First use.  A date at or around which the first 
+                            use of this word in writing is recorded.
+                            Not in the original 1913 Webster, and usu.
+                            taken from a recent dictionary.  Only a few
+                            such fields have been entered as of version
+                            0.41
+
+<grk>   transliteration  Greek.  The Greek words have been transliterated
+                             using the equivalents explained in the
+                             file "webfonts.asc".  In most cases, the
+                             transliterations are typical for Greek
+                             letters, except for theta (transl = q),
+                             phi (transl. = f), eta (transl. = h), and
+                             upsilon (transl. = y, whether pronounced
+                             as y or u).  This was to eliminate any
+                             ambiguity.  These words occur primarily
+                             in etymologies, and to conform to the
+                             usage of <ets> should also be marked
+                             by <ets>, but as of version 0.41 they
+                             are not usually thus marked.
+
+<hw>       bold,         headword.  Each main entry begins with the <hw>
+           larger by       mark, and ends at the next <hw> mark.  The
+           2 points        main entries are not otherwise explicitly
+                           marked as a distinctive field.
+                              The same word may appear as a headword
+                          several times, usually as different parts
+                          of speech, but sometimes with different
+                          entries as the same part of speech, presumably
+                          to indicate a different etymology.
+                              Within the hw field the heavy accent is
+                           represented by double quote ("), the
+                           light accent by open-single-quote (`),
+                           and the short dash separating syllables by
+                           an asterisk (*). A hyphen (-) is used to
+                           represent the hyphen of hyphenated words.
+
+<mark>     italic,       Usage mark.  Almost always within square
+                          brackets, occasionally in parentheses or
+                          without any bracketing.
+           but            The most common usage marks,
+           explanatory    "Obs." = obsolete "R." = rare, "Colloq." =
+           may be plain.   colloquial, "Prov. Eng." = Provincial England,
+                           etc. are in italics.  Some usage notes are also
+                          marked with <mark>, but are in plain.  For
+                          simplicity, all words in this field may be
+                          italic, until additional explicit marks are
+                          added.
+
+<markp>     *           A usage mark in plain type (not italic).  Found
+                          within a definition, when there are more than
+                          one sense-number listed.  "Fig." at the head
+                          of an entry is the most common case.
+
+<mcol>     *              Multiple collocation.  Similar to multiple
+                            headword, when two or more collocations share
+                            one definition; however, the two collocations
+                            are in-line, rather than stacked or justified.
+                               There may be "or" or "and" words
+                            (italicised), or an "etc." (plain type)
+                            within this field.  In many cases, the
+                            <or/ and <and/ entities are used to
+                            signify the change of font for these words.
+
+<mhw>        *          Multiple headword.   This field is used where
+                           more than one headword shares a single
+                           definition.  In the dictionary, the
+                           (usually) two headwords are left-justified
+                           one below the other in the column, and are
+                           tied together on the right side of the
+                           headwords by a long right curly brace.
+                              This division is strictly functional,
+                           for analytical purposes, and does not
+                           affect the typography.
+
+<nmorph>      *         Noun morphology section.  Rarely used, mostly
+                             for irregular personal pronouns.
+
+<note>    *              Explanatory note.  No explicit font is indicated.
+                            These segments may be separate, as in the
+                            separate paragraphs starting <note><hand/,
+                            or they may just be further explanation within
+                            (or more usually, following) the main
+                            definition paragraph.  Typographically,
+                            the notes following the main definition may
+                            not be distinguishable from additional
+                            sentences appended to the first sentence
+                            of a definition.
+
+<plu>        *           Plural.  The "plural" segment starts with a
+                           "pl." which is italicised, but in this
+                           segment is not otherwise marked as
+                           italicised.  Other words occurring in this
+                           segment are plain type.  The "pl." can be
+                           easily explicitly marked if necessary.
+
+<pos>       italic       Part of speech.  Always an abbreviation: e.g.,
+                          n.; v. i.; v. t.; a.; adv.; pron.; prep.
+                          Combinations may occur, as "a. & n.".
+
+<plw>    small caps      Plural word.  The actual plural form of the word,
+                            found within a <plu> segment.
+
+<pr>        *           pronunciation.  The default font is normal, but
+                           many non-ASCII characters are used.
+                           The pronunciation field may have more than
+                           one pronunciation, separated by an "<or/".
+                           (An "or" here is in italic, and usually is
+                           represented by the entity <or/).
+                           There may also be some commentary, such as
+                           "Fr."(French pronunciation) or "archaic".
+                           The commentaries are typically italic, and
+                           should be marked as such.  In certain
+                           pronunciations there is a numbered reference
+                           to a root form explained in an introductory
+                           section on pronunciation.
+                               Very few of the pronunciation fields have
+                           been filled in.  The pronunciation markings use
+                           a more complicated method than more modern
+                           dictionaries.  It would be interesting to have
+                           these fields filled in, if there are any
+                           volunteers willing to do it.
+
+<q>     smaller by         Quotation.  No bracketing quotation marks,
+        two points,          though occasionally \'bd-\'b8 quotations occur
+         centered,           within these quotations.  These quotations
+        Separate             tend to be more complete sentences, rather
+         paragraph           than just phrases, such as are contained
+                             within quotation marks within the definition
+                             paragraph.
+
+<qau>    italic,          Quotation author.  Used only for the quotations
+       right justified       marked with <q> that are centered in their
+                             own paragraphs.
+
+<qex>    italic           Quotation example.  An example of usage of
+                            the headword, within quotations marked
+                            by <q>..</q> tags.
+
+<sd>    italic     Subdefinition, marked (a), (b), (c), etc.  THese are
+                       finer distinctions of word senses, used
+                       within numbered word-sense (for main entries),
+                       and also used for subdefinitions within
+                       collocation segments, which have no numbering of
+                       senses.  The letter is italic, the parentheses
+                       are not.  This tag is also used to indicate the
+                       lettered subdefinition when it is referred to
+                       at another point in the text.
+
+<ship>  italic      The name of a ship.  Rarely used.
+
+<sing>      *          Singular. Analogous to the <plu> segment, but more
+                            rarely used, mostly for Indian tribes, which
+                            are listed in the plural form.
+
+<singw>  small caps     Singular word.  The singular form of the
+                            plural-form  headword.
+
+<sn>       bold,         Sense number.  A headword may have over 20
+           larger by       different sense numbers.  Within each numbered
+           2 points        sense there may be lettered sub-senses.  See
+                           the <sd> (sub-definition) field.
+
+<source> italic     Source.  The author of the definition.  Used only 
+                           for definitions not originally present in
+                           Webster 1913, and not present in the original
+                           version intended to mimic the 1913 printed
+                           dictionary.  This source is used for each
+                           word sense, and may differ for different
+                           senses of a word, especially where a Web1913
+                           definition was substantially modified, or a
+                           new word sense was added to a previously
+                           defined word.
+
+<syn>    plain      Synonyms.  A list of synonyms, sometimes followed
+                       by a <usage> segment.
+
+<usage>  narrower   Comparisons of word usage for words which are
+         spacing      sometimes confused.  As with collocation segments,
+                      font is plain, but spacing is smaller than
+                      normal definition spacing.  This seems pointlessly
+                      complicating for an on-line display.
+
+<vmorph>     *           Verb morphology (conjugation) segment, delimited
+                            by square brackets.
+
+<wordforms>  *           Morphological derivatives not contained in the
+                           bracketed segments, as above.  For nouns
+                           derived from adjectives, adverbs from
+                           adjectives, etc.  This segment is usually
+                           found at the end of the main entry. The
+                           adverbial and nominalized derivatives at the
+                           end of a main entry are usually introduced
+                           by an em dash [represented as two hyphens (--)].
+
+<wf>      bold,          Same font as <hw>, with accents and syllable
+          larger by        breaks marked as in the headword.
+          2 points         Marks the actual morphological forms within
+                           a <wordforms> segment; typically, adverbial or
+                           nominalized form of an adjective.
+
+
+<def2>     *        Second definition (occasionally, a third definition is
+                       present).  This is used where a second or third
+                       part of speech with the same orthography is
+                       placed under one headword.  Within this segment,
+                       there will be a <pos> field, and sometimes
+                       a <mark> and/or a quotation.
+
+<specif>   *       "Specifically:"  Used to mark the words "specifically",
+                    "Hence", "as" which are used to introduce a second
+                    definition typically more specific than the first,
+                    but in general derived by extension of the initial
+                    definition.   This functions as a warning of multiple
+                    definitions where the sense-numbers are not explicitly
+                    used.  It is also useful in separate senses, to 
+                    tag polysemous definitions which may be
+                    specializations or generalizations of the preceding 
+                    definition.
+
+<pluf>   italic.   Plural form.
+                      Used exclusively to mark the "pl." abbreviation,
+                      which introduces a definition for the headword,
+                      *when used in the plural form*.  Not related to
+                      <plu>, which spells out the plural form, but does
+                      define it.
+
+<uex>    italic    Usage example.  Used only a few times, within
+                       <usage> segments.
+
+<isa>    italic    supertype (hypernym) the inverse of <stype> and 
+                   identical to <hypen> but not derived from WordNet.
+
+<chform>  plain,   Chemical formula.  The letters are plain font,
+         numbers     but the numbers are subscript.   This is mostly
+         subscript   useful as a functional mark to pinpoint
+                     chemicals.
+
+<chformi> plain,   Chemical formula same as <chform>, but not
+                     processed specially by the tag-converter program.
+                     The letters are plain font, but the numbers are
+                           subscript.
+                     Used in place of <chform> when the formula has
+                        a tag inside, which cannot now be processed by the
+                        <chform> processing routine.
+
+<chname>   *       chemical name.  Used to allow a IUPAC chemical
+                   name to be processed as a unit in spite of
+                   embedded dashes, parentheses, and commas.
+
+<see>     *        "see" reference to related words, outside of the
+                      main <def>definition</def> field.
+                  
+<mathex> italic    Mathematical expression.  In this dictionary,
+                     essentially all letters (used as variable labels)
+                     in math expressions are in italic font.
+                     The "+" and "-" may also appear typographically
+                     different from elsewhere in the dictionary.
+
+<ratio> italic    Also a mathematical expression, but the colon and
+                     double colon may have a different typography
+                     than usual., as in <ratio>a:b</ratio>
+
+<singf>  italic   Singular form.  Analogous to <pluf>, to define
+                     the singular word where the headword is the
+                     plural form. ** only modifies the word "sing."
+
+<mord>    *       Morphological derivation.  Used to mark the
+                     entry-reference portions of those
+                     entries which are defined as morphological
+                     derivatives (plural, p. p., imp.) of other
+                     headwords.  Used just as an attempt to
+                     mark and regularize the entry format.
+                     May be ignored typographically.
+
+<fract> a stack,  Fraction.  Used for non-numerical fractions
+          with       which cannot be expressed as a <frac12/-style
+        numerator,   entity.  The forward slash "/" is to be
+        horizontal   interpreted as a horizontal line separating
+         bar, and    the numerator and denominator.
+       denominator
+
+<exp>  superscript,  Exponential.  Used in mathematical expressions.
+        smaller
+         font.
+
+<xlati> italic     Translation (e.g. of Greek), in the body of a
+                      definition or etymology.  Used only twice.
+
+<tran>  italic     Word translated: the word in italic is translated
+                      by a subsequent word. Usually in etymologies, where 
+                      the word translated is not actually etymologically
+                      related to the headword.  The translated word
+                      is not necessarily English.
+
+<tr>     italic    translation of the preceding word (or of the
+                      headword) into English.
+
+<fexp>    *        Functional expression (math).  The function names are
+                     in plain type, the variables are italic.
+
+<iref>   italic    Illustration reference.  Used ony occasionally, not
+                       yet (v. 0.41) consistently.
+
+<figref> italic    Figure reference.
+
+<figcap>   *       Figure caption.
+
+<figtitle>   *       Figure title.
+
+<funct>     *     tags a mathematical function or expression.
+
+<chreact>  *      Chemical reaction.  Similar to chemical formulas (which
+                    are contained but not explicitly marked), with
+                    some other symbols.
+
+<ptcl>  italic    Verb Particle.  Only a few particles were actually
+                    marked, but in a future version more may be.
+
+<tabtitle> ?      Table Title.  Used only once.
+
+<title>  italic   Title of a literary work, movie, opera, musical
+                     composition, etc.  Used rarely but should be
+                     used in every case, except in <au> references.
+
+<root>    *       Square root -- differs from the entity <root/,
+                    which is a square root sign that does not extend
+                    beyond the number following it.  The <root>
+                    field has a bar (vinvulum) over the expression 
+                    within the field, as well as the square root symbol
+                    preceding the  expression in the field.  Used only
+                    once.
+
+<vinc>    *      Vinculum.  In a mathematical expression, a bar
+                    extending over the expression within the field.
+                    Used only once.  This apparently serves the same
+                    function as a parentheses, of causing the 
+                    expression within the field to be evaluated
+                    and the result used as the (mathematical) value 
+                    of the field.
+
+<nul>    plain   Nultype.  An older version of <plain>.
+
+<cd2>     *      Second collocation definition.  Somewhat similar to
+                   <def2>.  Purely a mark to reduce functional ambiguity,
+                   with no effect on the typography.
+
+<hypen>   *      Hypernym.  Mark introduced for the World Wide Webster,
+                    when adding words from WordNet.  In most cases, this
+                    tag marks the WordNet hypernym (for nouns and verbs).
+                    Where the <au> mark is PJC or includes a +PJC, the
+                    hypernym may not be the same as in WordNet.  The words
+                    marked by this tag need to be bracketed in some way,
+                    but this is deferred until the definitions included
+                    with the hypernyms have been deleted, and other
+                    disambiguating marks substituted.
+
+<stype>  italic   Subtype.  A functional mark, to point out words which
+                     are conceptually subtypes of the headword.
+
+<styp>      *     Subtype.  A functional mark, to point out words which
+                      are conceptually subtypes of the headword, but
+                      with no *typographical* significance.
+
+<simto>  *       Similar-to.  A semantic relational mark for 
+                     closely related words which are not quite
+                     synonyms, nor hypernyms, nor hyponyms.  Introduced
+                     with WordNet data.
+
+<conseq>   *     Consequence.  For adjectives, is an attribute which
+   or               is a consequence of possessing the headword attribute.
+<hascons>           Introduced with WordNet data.
+
+<consof>   *     Consequence of.  For adjectives, an attribute which
+                    implies the headword as a natural consequence.
+
+<part>    italic   Part.  Marks a word designating something which is
+                     conceptually a part of the headword. Rarely used.
+
+<parts>   italic   Part, plural form.  Same as <part>, but marks the
+                      name of the part in its plural form.
+
+<partof>    *      Marks a word designating something of which the headword
+                     is conceptually a part. Inverse of <part>.  
+                     This is very broad, and may mean constituent or
+                     separable part.
+                     Rarely used.
+
+<contxt>    *      Context.   Used only for introductions to definitions,
+                       giving the context of usage, which are not part
+                       of the definition proper, as:
+                      <contxt>when used of a person:</contxt>
+
+<grp>       *      Marks the name of a group of people not formally
+                     organized.
+
+<membof> italic    marks a group of which the headword is a member.
+                   This is rarely used, but should be indexed as
+                   an entry word or phrase.
+
+<member> italic    marks a member of a group defined by the headword.
+                   This is rarely used, but should be indexed as
+                   an entry word or phrase.
+
+<members> italic   Same as <member>, but marks a plural word,
+                   designating the name of the members in its plural form,
+                   for lack of ambiguity.
+
+<method>   *      Designates a special type of definition which
+                    describes a method for achieving the headword,
+   
+                    used only once for the word "amend".  The
+                    subdefinitions begin with "by".
+
+<corpn>    *      Name of a business company, corporation, or partnership.
+                  Started using November 1988. Rare.
+
+<corr>    italic  Correlative.  A word intimately associated with the
+                     headword in a manner such that one cannot
+                     appear without the other.  NOt exactly an inverse.
+
+<qperson> italic   marks the name of a person, quoted in a dialogue.
+                   Used only in <q> blockquotes as of vers. 0.45.
+
+<org>     *        marks the name of an organization; sometimes used
+                     for the names of groups of people not 
+                     formally organized *see also <grp>.
+
+<prod>   italic    produces.  Designates a substance produced by
+                   a living organism.  Rarely used.
+
+<prodp>    *       produces (plainfont).  Designates a substance
+                   produced by a living organism.  Same as <prod>, 
+                   but does not affect font. Rarely used.
+
+<prodby>    *      produced by.  Designates a living organism which
+                   produces the headword substance. Rarely used.
+
+<prodmac> italic   produces.  Designates an object or substance produced
+                   by a machine or process.  Rarely used.
+
+<stage>  italic    life stage of an organism.  Used to indicate
+                   variant forms of an organism defined by the
+                   headword.  Rarely used.
+
+<stageof>   *      an organism one of whose life stages is the headword.
+                   Inverse (correlative) of <stage>. Rarely used.
+
+<inv>    italic    inversely related to headword -- e.g. depository
+                   is the inverse of depositor; buyer is the inverse of
+                   seller.  Called "correlative" in the Webster 1913 and
+                   the CIDE.  Rarely used.
+
+<methodfor> italic is a method to accomplish the action defined by
+                   the headword.  Rarely used, and only in the
+                   supplemental section.
+
+<examp>  italic    example or instance of the headword, where the
+                   tagged and emphasized word is not a proper subtype.
+--------------------------------------
+<p><hw>Pa*ron"y*mous</hw> <p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as <examp>all</examp> and <examp>awl</examp>; <examp>hair</examp> and <examp>hare</examp>, etc.</def><br/
+[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>
+-------------------------------------
+
+<sfield>  *       subfield of the headword, which must be a field
+                    of study or of knowledge
+<stage> italic    a stage of life of the headword -- for living things,
+                    such as insects, whose life stages may take different
+                    names.
+
+<unit> italic     a unit of measure, usually preceded by a number.
+                    Also used to tag the unit of a measure which is the
+                    headword.
+
+<uses> italic     tags a tool or method used by the headword,
+                    which is usually some process.
+
+<usedfor> *      tags a method or process for which the headword
+                    is a tool.
+
+<usedby> italic  tags a tool or method which uses the headword,
+                    which is usually a physical object.
+
+<perf> italic     performs -- tags a word which is a process or
+                  activity performed by the headword.
+
+<recipr> italic  reciprocal -- used for cases where the tagged word
+                   is a reciprocal participant in an action, such as
+                   donor and recipient.  The difference between this and
+                   <inv> inverse has not yet been systematically settled.
+                   Used seldom, and mostly in the supplemented version.
+
+<sig>  italic    significance, meaning -- used in definitions where the 
+                   actual meaning is prefixed with commentary explaining
+                   usage or other attributes of the word, as with
+                   prefixes or suffixes. 
+
+<wns>  italic    WordNet sense.  Where known, the correspondence of the 
+                   sense of an entry with that of WordNet 1.6 is
+                   given after the definition, in a tag of the 
+                   form: <wns>[wns=3]</wns>, in which the number
+                   is the numbered sense in WordNet.
+
+<w16ns> italic    WordNet version 1.6 sense.  See <wns> for
+                     explanation.
+<wnote>   *       A note related to usage in the corresponding 
+                      WordNet definition.
+ =============================================================
+Biological classifications:
+---------------------------
+<spn>     italic     Species name.  Used to mark the taxonomic names
+                      of living things which are represented in
+                      italic font in the original printed version.
+                      Originally, not only species, but genera, orders and 
+                      families were also thus marked.  The conversion from
+                      <spn> to <fam>, <gen>, or <ord> is not completed, and
+                      <spn> may stil be found marking such groups.
+                      However, orders and families are also frequently
+                      mentioned in the original in normal font, and in such
+                      cases are not marked with any tag.  So, this mark
+                      is not a reliable indicator of all mentions of
+                      taxonomic names.
+<kingdom>  italic      Taxonomic biological Kingdom name.
+<phylum>   italic      Taxonomic phylum name.
+<subphylum> italic     Taxonomic subphylum name.
+<class>    italic      Taxonomic class name.
+<subclass> italic      Taxonomic subclass name.
+<ord>      italic      Taxonomic order name.
+                           Also used for suborders, initially.
+<subord>   italic      Taxonomic suborder name.
+<suborder> italic      Taxonomic suborder name.
+<fam>      italic      Taxonomic family name.  Also used to tag "tribes".
+<subfam>   italic      Taxonomic subfamily name.
+<gen>      italic      Taxonomic genus name.
+<var>     italic   Variety.   Used to mark subspecies or varities below 
+                     the level of species in living organism systematic
+                     names.
+
+<varn>    italic   Variety.   Used to mark subspecies or varities below 
+                     the level of species in living organism systematic
+                     names.  Duplicative variant of <var>
+
+
diff --git a/WEBFONT.ASC b/WEBFONT.ASC
index 591de89..198c0e0 100644
--- a/WEBFONT.ASC
+++ b/WEBFONT.ASC
@@ -1,603 +1,603 @@
-                 WEBSTER FONTS

-                 =============

-

-          Fonts for the Webster 1913 Dictionary.

-          For version 0.50

-          Last edit May 5, 2001

-          ______________________________________

- (This file contains some extended ASCII characters, and should be

-transmitted in binary mode)

----------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-

-    This file describes a modified font for use in visualizing the

-text of the 1913 "Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary" (W1913),

-usable for the DOS operating system of IBM-compatible personal computers.

-The electronic version of that dictionary and this font were prepared by

-MICRA, Inc., Plainfield NJ, and are copyrighted (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc.

-For details of permissions and restrictions on using these files, see

-the accompanying file "readme.web".

-    The special characters used in the electronic version of the Webster

-1913 are required for visualizing unusual characters used in the

-etymology and pronunciation fields of the dictionary, in a form

-comparable to the way they appear in the original.  Since there are

-more than 256 characters used in that dictionary, not all can be

-represented by single-byte codes, and are instead represented by

-SGML-style "short-form" symbols.  (rather than the "entity" format

-"&xx;"  The ampersand is used frequently, and we prefer to leave

-the "<" as the only "escape" character) of the type <x/ where x

-is a specific code for the symbol in the dictionary.

-See the "Short Form" section below for details about such characters.

-Note that the symbols used here are in some cases abbreviations

-(for compactness) of the ISO 8879 recommended symbols.  If necessary,

-the table below allows simple replacement by alternate encodings.

-    This symbol font can be loaded in IBM-compatible (x86) computers

-running the DOS operating system by using the "font.bat" command file

-in the "utils" directory.  The fonts files for 8x14 and 8x16 fonts are

-"web14.fnt" and "web16.fnt" respectively.

-    For those loading the Webster onto some machine other than an

-IBM-compatible running DOS, it will be necessary to provide a

-translation table, to convert these characters into a code that

-can be handled by that computer.  For this reason, I attach an

-"explanation" for each character, for those who cannot view

-the original DOS font.

-    The DOS-loadable font does not contain all of the characters needed

-to depict the etymologies or the pronunciations.  In addition to an

-absence of several characters used in the pronunciations, no Greek letters are

-included.  The Greek words appearing in the etymologies,

-when they are included, will be typed in a

-roman-letter transcription (See section on Greek transcription, below).

-Only a very few Greek words have been thus transcribed as of the

-present version (version 0.41).

-    Wherever the typists did not know the character to use, they

-usually inserted a reverse-video question mark (decimal 176).

-This appears in full-ASCII versions as <?/.  This mark was used both for

-characters in non-ASCII fonts, and for unreadable characters (i.e.,

-characters smeared in the original or distorted in the copies available

-to the typists. The type in the original was in many places smeared and

-illegible at the left and right page margins; occasionally, small

-parts of words were blotted out by plain white space).

-    A character table for the high-order characters appears below.

-Under that is a list and description of most of the special characters

-used in the Webster files.

-     Note that there are yet some characters used in the etymologies,

-and some other symbols, which are not in this list.  For example, the

-vowels with a double dot *underneath*, e.g. a (as in all) have no representation

-in this character set, and, where explicitly entered in the dictionary,

-are represented by <xdd/ where "x" is the letter, as in "<add/".

-

-ITALICS

--------

-   In most places, italic font is represented by the tags <it>...</it>

-surrounding the italic text, or by some other tag which also implies

-italic font.  In the pronunciations, however, where italicized vowels 

-are used among non-italic and other special characters to indicate

-pronunciation, the special codes <ait/, <eit/, <iit/, <oit/, <uit/, 

-are also used to indicate the italicized vowel.

-

-DIACRITICS

--------------

-     The European grave and acute accents are represented by the

-standard (IBM PC) high-order codes.  Other characters with diacritics

-are represented by special "entity" codes, and in some cases also

-are found in this special WEB1913 font, described below.

-     Vowels with a circle above (as in Swedish) are coded <xring/

-(x with a ring, or "degrees" mark over it); vowels with tilde over them

-are represented by <xtil/, where "x" is the vowel, as in <etil/ (<atil/

-also has code 238); letters with a dot above are represented by <xdot/

--- letter with a dot below are represented by <xsdot/ ("subdot");

-vowels with the semi-long mark (a macron with a short perpendicular

-vertical stroke attached above) are represented by <xsl/; the

-circumflex vowels have codes on this list, but may also be represented

-as <xcir/; vowels with macrons above are <xmac/ (including <oomac/,

-the "oo" with an unbroken macron above the two letters, <aemac/ = the

-ligature ae with a macron [also 214 = \'d6], and <oemac/ the ligature

-oe with a macron [also 215 = \'d7]); vowels with umlauts or a crescent

-(breve) above have codes in this list, but may also be represented by

-<xum/ and <xcr/ respectively.  There is an occasional hacek or caron mark

-(an inverted circumflex) in the original; such letters are coded <xcar/.

-The o with a caron has code 213, but no others are in this font list.

-The diaeresis is treated typographically as identical to the umlaut.

-   A special modification, used only for poetry (see entry "saturnian verse"

-under "saturnian") is a vowel with a macron, in which the macron is lighter

-than the usual macron, signifying a stressed syllable which has a short

-vowel sound.  This is represented by <xsmac/ ("short mac").

-   Another special character used in pronunciations is an "n" with an underline (like

-a macron, but below the letter), used to represent the "ng" sound.  This is coded

-<nsm/ ("n sub-macron").  The ligated th used in pronunciations to depict the

-"th" sound of "the" is coded as <th/.

-    NOTE: the letter combinations "fi" and "fl" are invariably printed as the

-ligatures &filig; and &fllig;, but these ligatures are not marked as such

-in this transcription, and the two letters are left as individuals.

-

-SPECIAL SYMBOLS

-   The dagger <dag/, double dagger <ddag/, and paragraph mark <para/ are rarely used.

-    The double prime, or "seconds" of a degree is sometimes represented by

-a double "light accent" (code 183 = \'b7).  In other places, and in later

-versions, it is represented by <sec/ = hex a9, in the webfont.

-   The symbols "greater than" <gt/ and "less than" are encountered only

-once, but are distinguished from the right- and left-angle brackets

-(> and <) because of possible typographical differences in some fonts.

-   The schwa is symbolized by <schwa/.  It is not used in the 

-pronunciations, but is mentioned as a symbol.

-   The right-pointing arrow is <rarr/, consistent with ISO 8879.

-

-----------------------------------

-Table 1     

-----------------------------------

-Numbers

-�������                   Hex codes

-1   
    

-11                    (12 is a hard page break, 13 CR, 14 sect break)

-21    

-31   !"#  $%&'(         

-121 yz{|}  ~���         79-7d 7e-82

-131 �����  �����         83-87 88-8c

-141 �����  �����         8d-91 92-96

-151 �����  �����         97-9b 9c-a0

-161 �����  �����         a1-a5 a6-aa

-171 �����  �����         ab-af b0-b4

-181 �����  �����         b5-b9 ba-be

-191 �����  �����         bf-c3 c4-c8

-201 �����  �����         c9-cd ce-d2

-211 �����  �����         d3-d7 d8-dc

-221 �����  �����         dd-e1 e2-e6

-231 �����  �����         e7-eb ec-f0

-241 �����  �����         f1-f5 f6-fa

-251 �����                fb-ff

-

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

-Below is a complete list of the symbols used in the Webster ("webfont") 

-which are encoded in the special font listed above, together with

-corresponding symbols in ISO 8879 and Tex coding.  Much of this table was

-prepared by Rik Faith, to whom we express our appreciation.

-    The "nearest ASCII" equivalents are given for those who want to

-display the data as best one can in 7-bit simple ASCII symbols without

-using the "entity" symbols.

-=========================================================================

-----------------------------------

-Table 2     

-----------------------------------

-

-Comments: 

-  (1) The symbol in the "entity" column is the SGML-like symbol used in

-      the present Webster files; the symbol in the "ISO 8879" column is

-      the symbol for the same character given in "The user's guide to

-      ISO 8879" by Smith and Stutely.

-  (2) An asterisk "*" in the "entity" column means that this symbol and 

-code value is not used in any form in the Webster 1913 electronic version.

-  (3)  If no asterisk is in the "entity" column, and no other symbol is 

-there, this means that in the Webster, only the hexadecimal representation

-was used (e.g. for \'d8, \'bd, and  \'b8).

-  (4) \'b6 and \'b7, the heavy and light "accents", are never above a

-letter (these are not diacritical marks), but in-between letters, as the

-stress accent used in the headwords and pronunciations.  The accent

-*follows* the syllable accented.  The light accent \'b7 is also used as

-the "prime" in mathematical expressions (e.g. a\'b7 = "a prime"), or as

- "minutes" in degrees-minutes-seconds, and when doubled (\'b7\'b7)

-serves as "double prime" in mathematical expressions, and as "seconds"

-in degrees-minutes-seconds.  The character \'a9 (<sec/ or &Prime;) is

-also used to represent the double prime.

-  (5) Although the semilong vowels are in the table (e.g. the "asl" 

-= "a semilong", most of the entries in the ASCII version dictionary

-use the <xsl/ symbol coding.  If you know of any printers' names for

-these, do let me know.

-  (6)  For some reason, the a breve and u breve have ISO codes (in the

-Latin-2 table), but the other vowels don't, in the Smith & Stutely book.

-Is this a mistake?

-  (7) The symbol <nsc/ is used for "N small capitals", used in

-pronunciations to represent the soun fo the nasal N in French words.

-  (8) If you find any exceptions to these usage assertions, please

-let me know.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-     webfont       ISO 8879    latin1/ascii    TeX    nearest     description

-------------------                                     ASCII

-oct dec hex entity             oct dec hex

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-025  21  15  *                                   \S       *     section symbol

-

-074  60  3c          lt         074  60  3c     $<$       <     less than

-076  62  3e          gt         076  62  3e     $>$       >     greater than

-

-200 128  80 <Cced/   Ccedil     307 199  c7     \c{C}     C     C cedilla

-201 129  81 <uum/    uuml       374 252  fc     \"u       ue    u umlaut (diaeresis)

-202 130  82          eacute     351 233  e9     \'e       e     e acute

-203 131  83 <acir/   acirc      342 226  e2     \^a       a     a circumflex

-204 132  84 <aum/    auml       344 228  e4     \"a       ae    a umlaut (diaeresis)

-205 133  85 <agrave/ agrave     340 224  e0     \`a       a     a grave

-206 134  86 <aring/  aring      345 229  e5     \aa       a     a ring above

-207 135  87 <cced/   ccedil     347 231  e7     \c{c}     c     c cedilla

-210 136  88 <ecir/   ecirc      352 234  ea     \^e       e     e circumflex

-211 137  89 <eum/    euml       353 235  eb     \"e       e     e umlaut (diaeresis)

-212 138  8a <egrave/ egrave     350 232  e8     \`e       e     e grave

-213 139  8b <ium/    iuml       357 239  ef     \"i       i     i umlaut (diaeresis)

-214 140  8c <icir/   icirc      356 238  ee     \^i       i     i circumflex

-215 141  8d          igrave     354 236  ec     \`i       i     i grave

-216 142  8e          Auml                                 A     A umlaut

-217 143  8f          Aring                                A     A ring above

-

-220 144  90 <Eacute/ Eacute     311 201  c9     \'E       e      E acute

-221 145  91 <ae/     aelig      346 230  e6     \ae       ae     ligature ae

-222 146  92 <AE/     AElig      306 198  c6     \AE       AE     ligature AE

-223 147  93 <ocir/   ocirc      364 244  f4     \^o       o      o circumflex

-224 148  94 <oum/    ouml       366 246  f6     \"o       oe     o umlaut (diaeresis)

-225 149  95          ograve     362 242  f2     \`o       o      o grave

-226 150  96 <ucir/   ucirc      373 251  fb     \^u       u      u circumflex

-227 151  97          ugrave     371 249  f9     \`u       u      u grave

-230 152  98 <yum/    yuml                                 y      y umlaut

-231 153  99 <Oum/    Ouml                                 O      O umlaut

-232 154  9a <Uum/    Uuml       334 220  dc     \"U       U      U umlaut (diaeresis)

-233 155  9b

-234 156  9c <pound/  pound      243 163  a3     \pounds   *      pound sign (British)

-235 157  9d  *

-236 158  9e  *

-237 159  9f  *

-240 160  a0 <aacute/ aacute     341 225  e1     \'a        a     a acute

-241 161  a1 <iacute/ iacute     355 237  ed     \'i        i     i acute

-242 162  a2          oacute     363 243  f3     \'o        o     o acute

-243 163  a3          uacute     372 250  fa     \'u        u     u acute

-244 164  a4 <ntil/   ntilde     361 241  f1     \~n        ny    n tilde

-245 165  a5 <Ntil/   Ntilde                                NY    N tilde

-246 166  a6 <frac23/                      $\frac{2}{3}$    2/3   two-thirds

-247 167  a7 <frac13/                      $\frac{1}{3}$    1/3   one-third

-250 168  a8  *

-251 169  a9 <sec/    Prime                                       seconds (of degree or time)

-                                                                    Also, inches or double prime

-252 170  aa  *

-253 171  ab <frac12/            275 189  bd  $\frac{1}{2}$  1/2  one-half

-254 172  ac <frac14/            274 188  bc  $\frac{1}{4}$  1/4  one-quarter

-255 173  ad  *

-256 174  ae  *

-257 175  af  *

-260 176  b0 <?/                                              (?)  Place-holder

-                                            for unknown or illegible character.

-261 177  b1  *

-262 178  b2  *

-263 179  b3  *

-264 180  b4  *                                $\updownarrow$  *   verticle arrow

-265 181  b5 <hand/                                            *   pointing hand

-                                                                 (printer's "fist")

-266 182  b6                                     \"{}          ''   bold accent 

-                                                             (used in pronunciations)

-267 183  b7         prime      264  180  b4     \'{}          '   light accent 

-                                                            (used in pronunciations)

-                                                            also minutes (of arc or time)

-270 184  b8                                     ''            "   close double quote

-271 185  b9  *

-272 186  ba  *                                  $\parallel$   ||   verticle double bar (l)

-273 187  bb  *

-274 188  bc <sect/  sect                        \S             *    section mark

-275 189  bd                                     ``            "    open double quotes

-276 190  be <amac/  amacr                       \=a           a    a macron

-277 191  bf         lsquo                       `             `    left single quote

-

-300 192  c0 <nsm/                                             ng   "n sub-macron"

-301 193  c1 <sharp/ sharp                       $\sharp$      #      musical sharp

-302 194  c2 <flat/  flat                        $\flat$       *     musical flat

-303 195  c3  *                                  --            --    long dash (en-dash? )

-304 196  c4  *                                  $-$            -    horizontal line

-305 197  c5 <th/ (part 1)                                           first part of th ligature

-                                                                   see 231 = e7 for part 2

-306 198  c6 <imac/  imacr                       \=i            i    i macron

-307 199  c7 <emac/  emacr                       \=e            e    e macron

-310 200  c8 <dsdot/                                            d    Sanskrit/Tamil d dot 

-311 201  c9 <nsdot/                                            n    Sanskrit/Tamil n dot

-312 202  ca <tsdot/                                            t    Sanskrit/Tamil t dot

-313 203  cb <ecr/                               \u{e}          e    e breve

-314 204  cc <icr/                               \u{i}          i    i breve

-315 205  cd  *

-316 206  ce <ocr/                               \u{o}          o    o breve

-317 207  cf  -                                  --             -    short dash

-

-320 208  d0  --      mdash                      ---            --   long (em) dash

-321 209  d1 <OE/     OElig                      \OE            OE   OE ligature

-322 210  d2 <oe/     oelig                      \oe            oe   oe ligature

-323 211  d3 <omac/   omacr                      \=o            o    o macron

-324 212  d4 <umac/   umacr                      \=u            u    u macron

-325 213  d5 <ocar/                              \v{o}          o    o hacek

-326 214  d6 <aemac/                             \=\ae          ae   ae ligature macron

-327 215  d7 <oemac/                             \=\oe          oe   oe ligature macron

-330 216  d8          par                        $\parallel$    ||   double vertical

-                                                                    bar(s)

-331 217  d9  *

-332 218  da  *

-333 219  db  *

-334 220  dc <ucr/   ubreve                      \u{u}           u  u breve

-335 221  dd <acr/   abreve                      \u{a}           a  a breve

-336 222  de <cre/   ssmile                      \u{}            ~  crescent

-                                           (like a breve, but vertically centered --

-                                            represents the short accent in poetic meter)

-337 223  df <ymac/                              \=y             y   y macron

-

-340 224  e0  <asl/                                              a   a "semilong"

-                                          (has a macron above with a short vertical

-                                            bar on top the center of the macron)

-                                           Used in pronunciations.

-341 225  e1  <esl/                                                   e "semilong"

-342 226  e2  <isl/                                                   i "semilong"

-343 227  e3  <osl/                                                   o "semilong"

-344 228  e4  <usl/                                                   u "semilong"

-345 229  e5  <adot/                                             a    a with dot above

-346 230  e6  *                                                  mu  small Greek mu

-347 231  e7  <th/ (part 2)                                          second part of th ligature

-                                                                     see 197 = c5 for part 1

-350 232  e8  *

-351 233  e9  *

-352 234  ea  *

-353 235  eb <edh/   edh        360 240 f0                       th  small eth

-354 236  ec  *

-355 237  ed <thorn/ thorn      376 254 fe                       th  small thorn

-356 238  ee <atil/  atilde                      \~a              a   a tilde

-357 239  ef <ndot/                                               n   n with dot above

-

-360 240  f0 <rsdot/                             \d{r}            r   r with a dot below

-361 241  f1   *

-362 242  f2   *

-363 243  f3   *

-364 244  f4 <yogh/                                               y   small yogh

-365 245  f5         mdash                       ---              --  em dash

-366 246  f6         divide     367 247 f7       $\div$           /   division sign

-367 247  f7         ap                          $\approx$        ~=  "double tilde"

-370 248  f8 <deg/              260 176 b0       ${}^\circ$       *    degree sign

-371 249  f9 <middot/                            $\bullet$        *    bold middle dot

-372 250  fa   *                267 183 b7       $\cdot$          *    light middle dot

-373 251  fb <root/  radic                       $\surd$          *    root sign

-374 252  fc   *

-375 253  fd   *

-376 254  fe   *

-377 255  ff   *

-

-----------------------------------

-Table 3     

-----------------------------------

-

-====================================================================

-The table below gives some additional information about some of the 

-more commonly used entities

--------------------------------------------------------------------

-Frequently used:

-decimal  hex    char  definition

-   21                  section symbol -- another section also at 197

-                       (so that 21 can be used as a normal control

-                         character)

-  126            ~     used by typists as a place-holder in word

-                         combinations where an uncapitalized headword

-                         should be.

-  128    80      �     <Cced/ c cedilla (uppercase)

-  129    81      �     <uum/ u umlaut

-  130    82      �     e acute

-  131    83      �     a circumflex

-  132    84      �     <aum/ a umlaut

-  133    85      �     a grave

-  134    86      �     <aring/ a with "ring" (circle) above (Swedish!)

-  135    87      �     <cced/ c cedilla

-  136 - 144            standard European set for IBM

-  136    88      �     <ecir/ e circumflex

-  137    89      �     <eum/ e umlaut (or e with dieresis above)

-  138    8a      �     e grave

-  145    91      �     <ae/ = "ae" fused ligature

-  146    92      �     <AE/ = upper-case "ae" fused ligature

-  147    93      �     <ocir/ o circumflex

-  148    94      �     <oum/ o "umlaut", used mostly in "co�peration,

-                        Zo�l." and in pronunciations

-  164    a4      �     <ntil/ Spanish "enye"

-  166    a6      �     <frac23/ two-thirds (fraction)

-  167    a7      �     <frac13/ one-third (fraction)

-  169    a9      �     <sec/  seconds of degree or time, or double-prime

-  171    ab      �     <frac12/ one-half, as in the original IBM set

-  172    ac      �     <frac14/ one-fourth (fraction)

-  176    b0      �     <?/ = (reverse-video question mark), used

-                        to represent an uncodable or illegible character

-  180    b4      �     long verticle double-headed arrow (a reference mark)

-  181    b5      �     <hand/ = (the typographer's "fist")

-                        Appearing as a "pointing hand" character

-                       (for explanatory notes)

-  182    b6      �    bold accent in headwords

-                       replaced in full ASCII version by double quote = "

-  183    b7      �     light accent in headwords

-                       replaced within headwords in the full ASCII version

-                       by an open-single-quote (` = ASCII 96, not the same

-                       as 191, \'bf).   This mark is used also

-                       for minutes of a degree, and for "prime"

-                       to modify variables in mathematical expressions.

-                         -- two of these in sequence represent seconds

-                        of a degree, or double prime.  The seconds

-                        symbol is also represented by <sec/ (hex a9).

-  184    b8      �     close double quotes (used with 189 [= \'bd], open quote)

-  186    ba      �     verticle double bar - represents the symbol used

-                       in the printed dictionary before a headword to

-                       signify that the word was adopted without

-                       anglicization from a foreign language

-                       but in the full-ASCII version this function

-                        uses \'d8 -- see 216

-  188    bc      �     <sect/ section mark

-                       - alternate to 21 (a control character)

-  189    bd      �     open double quotes (used with 184, close quote)

-  190    be      �     <amac/ a macron

-  191    bf      �     <lsquo/ "left single quote"

-                        single open quote mark (not same as ASCII 96)

-  192    c0      �     <nsm/ "n sub-macron", an n with a macron below --

-                        represents the "ng" sound in pronunciations

-  193    c1      �     <sharp/ sharp - music notation

-  194    c2      �     <flat/  flat  - music notation

-  195    c3      �     long dash, one pixel removed from left

-                       will fuse with left long dash, char 208

-  196    c4      �     graphic horizontal line

-  195+208        ��     combination for a very long dash.  In the

-                        original typing, the dash char 208 was used

-                        for both non-breaking hyphen (in hyphenated

-                        words), and for the em-dash used as an

-                        introductory mark for various segments.

-                        The em-dash should be distinguished from

-                        the hyphen, but that conversion hasn't yet

-                        been done.

-                         In the full ASCII version, a double hypen

-                        "--" represent the m-dash

-  197    c5      �     <th/ (part 1) first of a pair of characters

-     197+231 = ��        used to represent the th ligature --

-                         <th/ represents the "th" sound of "mother"

-                       see 231 (e7) for part 2

-  198    c6      �     <imac/ = i macron

-  199    c7      �     <emac/ = e macron

-  200    c8      �     <dsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil d with dot underneath

-  201    c9      �     <nsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil n with dot underneath

-  202    ca      �     <tsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil t with dot underneath

-  203    cb      �     <ecr/ = e with crescent (breve) above.  Used

-                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation

-  204    cc      �     <icr/ = i with crescent (breve) above - used

-                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation

-  206    ce      �     <ocr/ = o with crescent (breve) above - used

-                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation

-  207    cf      �     short dash, used in hyphenated words, and in

-                         breaking syllables where no accent is used. But

-                         sometimes the typists used the normal hyphen [45],

-                         or the long dash (decimal 208) for that purpose.

-                         The normal hyphen is the same length as the long

-                         dash, but one pixel higher in the character box.

-                         # In headwords, in the full ASCII version, this

-                         short dash is represented by the asterisk "*".

-  208    d0      �     <mdash/ = represents the long dash, used for the em 

-                         dash which often precedes certain sections within a

-                         definition, and which separates some sections,

-                         such as wordforms or collocations within a

-                         collocation segment.  This is replaced in the

-                         full ASCII version by a double hyphen, "--".

-  210    d2      �     <oe/ = "oe" fused ligature

-  211    d3      �     <omac/ = o macron

-  212    d4      �     <umac/ = u macron

-  213    d5      �     <ocar/ o with caron (hacek) (inverted circumflex) above

-  214    d6      �     <aemac/ = "ae" ligature with a macron

-  215    d7      �     <oemac/ = "oe" ligature with a macron

-  216    d8      �     <par/ double vertical bar (short length; the long

-                       length is the graphics character 186)

-                       This precedes words marked with a double vertical bar in

-                       the original dictionary, signifying that the word was

-                       adopted directly into English without modification of

-                       the spelling.

-  220    dc      �     <ucr/ = u with crescent above - used in some etymologies

-  221    dd      �     <acr/ = a with crescent above - used in some etymologies

-  222    de      �     <cre/ = "crescent", an upward-curving crescent

-                        used as a poetic meter mark

-  223    df      �     <ymac/ = y macron (used in Anglo-Saxon?) 

-  229    e5      �     <adot/ = a with a dot above (for pronunciations)

-  231    e7      �     <th/ (part 2) second of a two-character combination

-     197+231 = ��        used to represent the th ligature in pronunciations

-                         <th/ represents the "th" sound of "mother"

-  235    eb      �     <edh/ = Old English and Icelandic "edh", (or "eth")

-                        like a Greek delta with a hatch mark

-                        through the ascender. Used to represent the

-                        Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,

-                        in etymologies, pronounced like "th"

-  237    ed      �     <thorn/ "thorn", an Old English and Icelandic

-                        character, appears like a "p" with an extended

-                        ascender.

-                        Used to represent the

-                        Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,

-                        in etymologies, pronounced like "th"

-                        in "thorn" and also as in "brother"

-  238    ee      �     <atil/ a with tilde above - in some etymologies

-  244    f4      �     <yogh/ like a script "3" or "z". Used in Old English

-                       etymologies, analogous to "y"

-  247    f7      �     double tilde ("approximately equals").

-                       used by typists as a place-holder in word

-                         combinations where the capitalized headword

-                         should be.

-  248    f8      �     <deg/ degrees (temperature or angle).  Note: some

-                          typists used a superscript "o" to signify

-                          degrees.  This must be corrected!

-  249    f9      �     middle dot (bold)

-  250    fa      �     middle dot (light)

-  251    fb      �     <root/ "root" sign used in etymologies, as in original

-  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-

-======================================

-   Greek transcription

-=====================================

-Greek letters are represented:

-   (capitals represent capital letters; lower-case represent lower-case)

-   #Note that "h" in transliterations is used individually, as eta, and

-   also in the combination "ch" (chi).  Conversions to other codings

-   must first convert "ch" before converting "h", or at least verify

-   that an "h" to be converted has no preceding "c".  "c" is not

-   otherwise used, so there is no ambiguity.  Also, "ps" always

-   represents a psi; it could in theory occur as a pi-sigma

-   combination, but it doesn't.  Occasionally, "th" was entered instead

-   of "q" to represent theta; these should be checked to verify that

-   they do not represent tau-eta, and converted to "q".

-

-(1) characters individually:

-  By the short-form notation <alpha/, <beta/, <gamma/, <lambda/ etc.

-  Capitalized letters are <ALPHA/, etc.

-(2) in words:

- By inclusion within the markers <grk></grk>, using the following

-  roman-letter equivalents for the Greek letters:

-   Accents:

-     (a) aspirants -- used in front of the letter modified, which is

-usually in *front* of words beginning in vowels.  Of two types:

-     ' (apostrophe) for the left-curving apirant (spiritus lenis)

-     " (double quote) for the right-curving aspirant (spiritus asper)

-       (when the aspirant is on a letter inside a word, it is placed

-          in front of the letter it modifies.)

-      (the left-curving aspirant is also used over rho, which is

-        then usually transliterated "rh".  The " in such cases is

-        placed in front of the r (for rho) which it modifies).

-     (b) normal accent (appearing as an acute accent in the original):

-          `  (left open quote, ASCII ) -- placed after accented vowel

-     (b) grave accent (appearing as an grave accent in the original):

-          ~  (tilde, ASCII ) -- placed after accented vowel.  This is

-          rarely seen, as in <grk>to~ pa^n</grk> at "universe" or

-          <grk>ta~ gewrgika`</grk> (at "Georgic").

-     (c) curving accent (appearing as a rounded circumflex):

-          ^  (circumflex) -- placed after accented vowel

-     (d) "iota" subscript (ogonek)-- a comma placed after the vowel

-               having the subscript

-     (e) diaeresis:

-         the double dot found occasionally over the iota is

-         represented by a colon immediately after the iota,

-         as the i-diaeresis in <grk>Farisai:ko`s</grk> (at "pharisaic").

-

-     Where a letter has two accents, both are placed *after* the vowel

-     Letters with an aspirant and an accent have the

-         aspirant before the letter, and the accent after it.

-     ------------------------

-

-

-The capitalized Greek letters are represented by the capitalized

-   versions of the letters shown here.

------------------------------------------

-  Greek letter    transliteration

-  ------------    ---------------

-    alpha           a

-    beta            b

-    gamma           g

-    delta           d

-    epsilon         e

-    zeta            z

-    eta             h

-    theta           q  (th was used in some earier sections, but was

-                         changed due to potential confusion with the

-                         tau+eta combination, as in <grk>lyth`rios</grk>

-                         (at "lyterian")  or  <grk>poihth`s</grk>

-                         (at "maker") )

-    iota            i

-    kappa           k

-    lambda          l

-    mu              m

-    nu              n

-    xi              x

-    omicron         o

-    pi              p

-    rho             r

-    sigma           s   (end form not distinguished here from middle

-                         form within words, but when isolated, use <sigmat/

-                         ("terminal sigma") for the end form)

-    tau             t

-    upsilon         y    (Used for both "u" and "y" pronunciations)

-    phi             f

-    chi             ch  (c is always followed by h, so the h component

-                            is not confusable with eta)

-    psi             ps  (theoretically confusable with pi-sigma, but that

-                            combination seems never to occur)

-    omega           w

-

- (Roman j, v, u are unused)

-

+                 WEBSTER FONTS
+                 =============
+
+          Fonts for the Webster 1913 Dictionary.
+          For version 0.50
+          Last edit May 5, 2001
+          ______________________________________
+ (This file contains some extended ASCII characters, and should be
+transmitted in binary mode)
+---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
+
+    This file describes a modified font for use in visualizing the
+text of the 1913 "Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary" (W1913),
+usable for the DOS operating system of IBM-compatible personal computers.
+The electronic version of that dictionary and this font were prepared by
+MICRA, Inc., Plainfield NJ, and are copyrighted (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc.
+For details of permissions and restrictions on using these files, see
+the accompanying file "readme.web".
+    The special characters used in the electronic version of the Webster
+1913 are required for visualizing unusual characters used in the
+etymology and pronunciation fields of the dictionary, in a form
+comparable to the way they appear in the original.  Since there are
+more than 256 characters used in that dictionary, not all can be
+represented by single-byte codes, and are instead represented by
+SGML-style "short-form" symbols.  (rather than the "entity" format
+"&xx;"  The ampersand is used frequently, and we prefer to leave
+the "<" as the only "escape" character) of the type <x/ where x
+is a specific code for the symbol in the dictionary.
+See the "Short Form" section below for details about such characters.
+Note that the symbols used here are in some cases abbreviations
+(for compactness) of the ISO 8879 recommended symbols.  If necessary,
+the table below allows simple replacement by alternate encodings.
+    This symbol font can be loaded in IBM-compatible (x86) computers
+running the DOS operating system by using the "font.bat" command file
+in the "utils" directory.  The fonts files for 8x14 and 8x16 fonts are
+"web14.fnt" and "web16.fnt" respectively.
+    For those loading the Webster onto some machine other than an
+IBM-compatible running DOS, it will be necessary to provide a
+translation table, to convert these characters into a code that
+can be handled by that computer.  For this reason, I attach an
+"explanation" for each character, for those who cannot view
+the original DOS font.
+    The DOS-loadable font does not contain all of the characters needed
+to depict the etymologies or the pronunciations.  In addition to an
+absence of several characters used in the pronunciations, no Greek letters are
+included.  The Greek words appearing in the etymologies,
+when they are included, will be typed in a
+roman-letter transcription (See section on Greek transcription, below).
+Only a very few Greek words have been thus transcribed as of the
+present version (version 0.41).
+    Wherever the typists did not know the character to use, they
+usually inserted a reverse-video question mark (decimal 176).
+This appears in full-ASCII versions as <?/.  This mark was used both for
+characters in non-ASCII fonts, and for unreadable characters (i.e.,
+characters smeared in the original or distorted in the copies available
+to the typists. The type in the original was in many places smeared and
+illegible at the left and right page margins; occasionally, small
+parts of words were blotted out by plain white space).
+    A character table for the high-order characters appears below.
+Under that is a list and description of most of the special characters
+used in the Webster files.
+     Note that there are yet some characters used in the etymologies,
+and some other symbols, which are not in this list.  For example, the
+vowels with a double dot *underneath*, e.g. a (as in all) have no representation
+in this character set, and, where explicitly entered in the dictionary,
+are represented by <xdd/ where "x" is the letter, as in "<add/".
+
+ITALICS
+-------
+   In most places, italic font is represented by the tags <it>...</it>
+surrounding the italic text, or by some other tag which also implies
+italic font.  In the pronunciations, however, where italicized vowels 
+are used among non-italic and other special characters to indicate
+pronunciation, the special codes <ait/, <eit/, <iit/, <oit/, <uit/, 
+are also used to indicate the italicized vowel.
+
+DIACRITICS
+-------------
+     The European grave and acute accents are represented by the
+standard (IBM PC) high-order codes.  Other characters with diacritics
+are represented by special "entity" codes, and in some cases also
+are found in this special WEB1913 font, described below.
+     Vowels with a circle above (as in Swedish) are coded <xring/
+(x with a ring, or "degrees" mark over it); vowels with tilde over them
+are represented by <xtil/, where "x" is the vowel, as in <etil/ (<atil/
+also has code 238); letters with a dot above are represented by <xdot/
+-- letter with a dot below are represented by <xsdot/ ("subdot");
+vowels with the semi-long mark (a macron with a short perpendicular
+vertical stroke attached above) are represented by <xsl/; the
+circumflex vowels have codes on this list, but may also be represented
+as <xcir/; vowels with macrons above are <xmac/ (including <oomac/,
+the "oo" with an unbroken macron above the two letters, <aemac/ = the
+ligature ae with a macron [also 214 = \'d6], and <oemac/ the ligature
+oe with a macron [also 215 = \'d7]); vowels with umlauts or a crescent
+(breve) above have codes in this list, but may also be represented by
+<xum/ and <xcr/ respectively.  There is an occasional hacek or caron mark
+(an inverted circumflex) in the original; such letters are coded <xcar/.
+The o with a caron has code 213, but no others are in this font list.
+The diaeresis is treated typographically as identical to the umlaut.
+   A special modification, used only for poetry (see entry "saturnian verse"
+under "saturnian") is a vowel with a macron, in which the macron is lighter
+than the usual macron, signifying a stressed syllable which has a short
+vowel sound.  This is represented by <xsmac/ ("short mac").
+   Another special character used in pronunciations is an "n" with an underline (like
+a macron, but below the letter), used to represent the "ng" sound.  This is coded
+<nsm/ ("n sub-macron").  The ligated th used in pronunciations to depict the
+"th" sound of "the" is coded as <th/.
+    NOTE: the letter combinations "fi" and "fl" are invariably printed as the
+ligatures &filig; and &fllig;, but these ligatures are not marked as such
+in this transcription, and the two letters are left as individuals.
+
+SPECIAL SYMBOLS
+   The dagger <dag/, double dagger <ddag/, and paragraph mark <para/ are rarely used.
+    The double prime, or "seconds" of a degree is sometimes represented by
+a double "light accent" (code 183 = \'b7).  In other places, and in later
+versions, it is represented by <sec/ = hex a9, in the webfont.
+   The symbols "greater than" <gt/ and "less than" are encountered only
+once, but are distinguished from the right- and left-angle brackets
+(> and <) because of possible typographical differences in some fonts.
+   The schwa is symbolized by <schwa/.  It is not used in the 
+pronunciations, but is mentioned as a symbol.
+   The right-pointing arrow is <rarr/, consistent with ISO 8879.
+
+----------------------------------
+Table 1     
+----------------------------------
+Numbers
+�������                   Hex codes
+1   
    
+11                    (12 is a hard page break, 13 CR, 14 sect break)
+21    
+31   !"#  $%&'(         
+121 yz{|}  ~���         79-7d 7e-82
+131 �����  �����         83-87 88-8c
+141 �����  �����         8d-91 92-96
+151 �����  �����         97-9b 9c-a0
+161 �����  �����         a1-a5 a6-aa
+171 �����  �����         ab-af b0-b4
+181 �����  �����         b5-b9 ba-be
+191 �����  �����         bf-c3 c4-c8
+201 �����  �����         c9-cd ce-d2
+211 �����  �����         d3-d7 d8-dc
+221 �����  �����         dd-e1 e2-e6
+231 �����  �����         e7-eb ec-f0
+241 �����  �����         f1-f5 f6-fa
+251 �����                fb-ff
+
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
+Below is a complete list of the symbols used in the Webster ("webfont") 
+which are encoded in the special font listed above, together with
+corresponding symbols in ISO 8879 and Tex coding.  Much of this table was
+prepared by Rik Faith, to whom we express our appreciation.
+    The "nearest ASCII" equivalents are given for those who want to
+display the data as best one can in 7-bit simple ASCII symbols without
+using the "entity" symbols.
+=========================================================================
+----------------------------------
+Table 2     
+----------------------------------
+
+Comments: 
+  (1) The symbol in the "entity" column is the SGML-like symbol used in
+      the present Webster files; the symbol in the "ISO 8879" column is
+      the symbol for the same character given in "The user's guide to
+      ISO 8879" by Smith and Stutely.
+  (2) An asterisk "*" in the "entity" column means that this symbol and 
+code value is not used in any form in the Webster 1913 electronic version.
+  (3)  If no asterisk is in the "entity" column, and no other symbol is 
+there, this means that in the Webster, only the hexadecimal representation
+was used (e.g. for \'d8, \'bd, and  \'b8).
+  (4) \'b6 and \'b7, the heavy and light "accents", are never above a
+letter (these are not diacritical marks), but in-between letters, as the
+stress accent used in the headwords and pronunciations.  The accent
+*follows* the syllable accented.  The light accent \'b7 is also used as
+the "prime" in mathematical expressions (e.g. a\'b7 = "a prime"), or as
+ "minutes" in degrees-minutes-seconds, and when doubled (\'b7\'b7)
+serves as "double prime" in mathematical expressions, and as "seconds"
+in degrees-minutes-seconds.  The character \'a9 (<sec/ or &Prime;) is
+also used to represent the double prime.
+  (5) Although the semilong vowels are in the table (e.g. the "asl" 
+= "a semilong", most of the entries in the ASCII version dictionary
+use the <xsl/ symbol coding.  If you know of any printers' names for
+these, do let me know.
+  (6)  For some reason, the a breve and u breve have ISO codes (in the
+Latin-2 table), but the other vowels don't, in the Smith & Stutely book.
+Is this a mistake?
+  (7) The symbol <nsc/ is used for "N small capitals", used in
+pronunciations to represent the soun fo the nasal N in French words.
+  (8) If you find any exceptions to these usage assertions, please
+let me know.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     webfont       ISO 8879    latin1/ascii    TeX    nearest     description
+------------------                                     ASCII
+oct dec hex entity             oct dec hex
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+025  21  15  *                                   \S       *     section symbol
+
+074  60  3c          lt         074  60  3c     $<$       <     less than
+076  62  3e          gt         076  62  3e     $>$       >     greater than
+
+200 128  80 <Cced/   Ccedil     307 199  c7     \c{C}     C     C cedilla
+201 129  81 <uum/    uuml       374 252  fc     \"u       ue    u umlaut (diaeresis)
+202 130  82          eacute     351 233  e9     \'e       e     e acute
+203 131  83 <acir/   acirc      342 226  e2     \^a       a     a circumflex
+204 132  84 <aum/    auml       344 228  e4     \"a       ae    a umlaut (diaeresis)
+205 133  85 <agrave/ agrave     340 224  e0     \`a       a     a grave
+206 134  86 <aring/  aring      345 229  e5     \aa       a     a ring above
+207 135  87 <cced/   ccedil     347 231  e7     \c{c}     c     c cedilla
+210 136  88 <ecir/   ecirc      352 234  ea     \^e       e     e circumflex
+211 137  89 <eum/    euml       353 235  eb     \"e       e     e umlaut (diaeresis)
+212 138  8a <egrave/ egrave     350 232  e8     \`e       e     e grave
+213 139  8b <ium/    iuml       357 239  ef     \"i       i     i umlaut (diaeresis)
+214 140  8c <icir/   icirc      356 238  ee     \^i       i     i circumflex
+215 141  8d          igrave     354 236  ec     \`i       i     i grave
+216 142  8e          Auml                                 A     A umlaut
+217 143  8f          Aring                                A     A ring above
+
+220 144  90 <Eacute/ Eacute     311 201  c9     \'E       e      E acute
+221 145  91 <ae/     aelig      346 230  e6     \ae       ae     ligature ae
+222 146  92 <AE/     AElig      306 198  c6     \AE       AE     ligature AE
+223 147  93 <ocir/   ocirc      364 244  f4     \^o       o      o circumflex
+224 148  94 <oum/    ouml       366 246  f6     \"o       oe     o umlaut (diaeresis)
+225 149  95          ograve     362 242  f2     \`o       o      o grave
+226 150  96 <ucir/   ucirc      373 251  fb     \^u       u      u circumflex
+227 151  97          ugrave     371 249  f9     \`u       u      u grave
+230 152  98 <yum/    yuml                                 y      y umlaut
+231 153  99 <Oum/    Ouml                                 O      O umlaut
+232 154  9a <Uum/    Uuml       334 220  dc     \"U       U      U umlaut (diaeresis)
+233 155  9b
+234 156  9c <pound/  pound      243 163  a3     \pounds   *      pound sign (British)
+235 157  9d  *
+236 158  9e  *
+237 159  9f  *
+240 160  a0 <aacute/ aacute     341 225  e1     \'a        a     a acute
+241 161  a1 <iacute/ iacute     355 237  ed     \'i        i     i acute
+242 162  a2          oacute     363 243  f3     \'o        o     o acute
+243 163  a3          uacute     372 250  fa     \'u        u     u acute
+244 164  a4 <ntil/   ntilde     361 241  f1     \~n        ny    n tilde
+245 165  a5 <Ntil/   Ntilde                                NY    N tilde
+246 166  a6 <frac23/                      $\frac{2}{3}$    2/3   two-thirds
+247 167  a7 <frac13/                      $\frac{1}{3}$    1/3   one-third
+250 168  a8  *
+251 169  a9 <sec/    Prime                                       seconds (of degree or time)
+                                                                    Also, inches or double prime
+252 170  aa  *
+253 171  ab <frac12/            275 189  bd  $\frac{1}{2}$  1/2  one-half
+254 172  ac <frac14/            274 188  bc  $\frac{1}{4}$  1/4  one-quarter
+255 173  ad  *
+256 174  ae  *
+257 175  af  *
+260 176  b0 <?/                                              (?)  Place-holder
+                                            for unknown or illegible character.
+261 177  b1  *
+262 178  b2  *
+263 179  b3  *
+264 180  b4  *                                $\updownarrow$  *   verticle arrow
+265 181  b5 <hand/                                            *   pointing hand
+                                                                 (printer's "fist")
+266 182  b6                                     \"{}          ''   bold accent 
+                                                             (used in pronunciations)
+267 183  b7         prime      264  180  b4     \'{}          '   light accent 
+                                                            (used in pronunciations)
+                                                            also minutes (of arc or time)
+270 184  b8                                     ''            "   close double quote
+271 185  b9  *
+272 186  ba  *                                  $\parallel$   ||   verticle double bar (l)
+273 187  bb  *
+274 188  bc <sect/  sect                        \S             *    section mark
+275 189  bd                                     ``            "    open double quotes
+276 190  be <amac/  amacr                       \=a           a    a macron
+277 191  bf         lsquo                       `             `    left single quote
+
+300 192  c0 <nsm/                                             ng   "n sub-macron"
+301 193  c1 <sharp/ sharp                       $\sharp$      #      musical sharp
+302 194  c2 <flat/  flat                        $\flat$       *     musical flat
+303 195  c3  *                                  --            --    long dash (en-dash? )
+304 196  c4  *                                  $-$            -    horizontal line
+305 197  c5 <th/ (part 1)                                           first part of th ligature
+                                                                   see 231 = e7 for part 2
+306 198  c6 <imac/  imacr                       \=i            i    i macron
+307 199  c7 <emac/  emacr                       \=e            e    e macron
+310 200  c8 <dsdot/                                            d    Sanskrit/Tamil d dot 
+311 201  c9 <nsdot/                                            n    Sanskrit/Tamil n dot
+312 202  ca <tsdot/                                            t    Sanskrit/Tamil t dot
+313 203  cb <ecr/                               \u{e}          e    e breve
+314 204  cc <icr/                               \u{i}          i    i breve
+315 205  cd  *
+316 206  ce <ocr/                               \u{o}          o    o breve
+317 207  cf  -                                  --             -    short dash
+
+320 208  d0  --      mdash                      ---            --   long (em) dash
+321 209  d1 <OE/     OElig                      \OE            OE   OE ligature
+322 210  d2 <oe/     oelig                      \oe            oe   oe ligature
+323 211  d3 <omac/   omacr                      \=o            o    o macron
+324 212  d4 <umac/   umacr                      \=u            u    u macron
+325 213  d5 <ocar/                              \v{o}          o    o hacek
+326 214  d6 <aemac/                             \=\ae          ae   ae ligature macron
+327 215  d7 <oemac/                             \=\oe          oe   oe ligature macron
+330 216  d8          par                        $\parallel$    ||   double vertical
+                                                                    bar(s)
+331 217  d9  *
+332 218  da  *
+333 219  db  *
+334 220  dc <ucr/   ubreve                      \u{u}           u  u breve
+335 221  dd <acr/   abreve                      \u{a}           a  a breve
+336 222  de <cre/   ssmile                      \u{}            ~  crescent
+                                           (like a breve, but vertically centered --
+                                            represents the short accent in poetic meter)
+337 223  df <ymac/                              \=y             y   y macron
+
+340 224  e0  <asl/                                              a   a "semilong"
+                                          (has a macron above with a short vertical
+                                            bar on top the center of the macron)
+                                           Used in pronunciations.
+341 225  e1  <esl/                                                   e "semilong"
+342 226  e2  <isl/                                                   i "semilong"
+343 227  e3  <osl/                                                   o "semilong"
+344 228  e4  <usl/                                                   u "semilong"
+345 229  e5  <adot/                                             a    a with dot above
+346 230  e6  *                                                  mu  small Greek mu
+347 231  e7  <th/ (part 2)                                          second part of th ligature
+                                                                     see 197 = c5 for part 1
+350 232  e8  *
+351 233  e9  *
+352 234  ea  *
+353 235  eb <edh/   edh        360 240 f0                       th  small eth
+354 236  ec  *
+355 237  ed <thorn/ thorn      376 254 fe                       th  small thorn
+356 238  ee <atil/  atilde                      \~a              a   a tilde
+357 239  ef <ndot/                                               n   n with dot above
+
+360 240  f0 <rsdot/                             \d{r}            r   r with a dot below
+361 241  f1   *
+362 242  f2   *
+363 243  f3   *
+364 244  f4 <yogh/                                               y   small yogh
+365 245  f5         mdash                       ---              --  em dash
+366 246  f6         divide     367 247 f7       $\div$           /   division sign
+367 247  f7         ap                          $\approx$        ~=  "double tilde"
+370 248  f8 <deg/              260 176 b0       ${}^\circ$       *    degree sign
+371 249  f9 <middot/                            $\bullet$        *    bold middle dot
+372 250  fa   *                267 183 b7       $\cdot$          *    light middle dot
+373 251  fb <root/  radic                       $\surd$          *    root sign
+374 252  fc   *
+375 253  fd   *
+376 254  fe   *
+377 255  ff   *
+
+----------------------------------
+Table 3     
+----------------------------------
+
+====================================================================
+The table below gives some additional information about some of the 
+more commonly used entities
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+Frequently used:
+decimal  hex    char  definition
+   21                  section symbol -- another section also at 197
+                       (so that 21 can be used as a normal control
+                         character)
+  126            ~     used by typists as a place-holder in word
+                         combinations where an uncapitalized headword
+                         should be.
+  128    80      �     <Cced/ c cedilla (uppercase)
+  129    81      �     <uum/ u umlaut
+  130    82      �     e acute
+  131    83      �     a circumflex
+  132    84      �     <aum/ a umlaut
+  133    85      �     a grave
+  134    86      �     <aring/ a with "ring" (circle) above (Swedish!)
+  135    87      �     <cced/ c cedilla
+  136 - 144            standard European set for IBM
+  136    88      �     <ecir/ e circumflex
+  137    89      �     <eum/ e umlaut (or e with dieresis above)
+  138    8a      �     e grave
+  145    91      �     <ae/ = "ae" fused ligature
+  146    92      �     <AE/ = upper-case "ae" fused ligature
+  147    93      �     <ocir/ o circumflex
+  148    94      �     <oum/ o "umlaut", used mostly in "co�peration,
+                        Zo�l." and in pronunciations
+  164    a4      �     <ntil/ Spanish "enye"
+  166    a6      �     <frac23/ two-thirds (fraction)
+  167    a7      �     <frac13/ one-third (fraction)
+  169    a9      �     <sec/  seconds of degree or time, or double-prime
+  171    ab      �     <frac12/ one-half, as in the original IBM set
+  172    ac      �     <frac14/ one-fourth (fraction)
+  176    b0      �     <?/ = (reverse-video question mark), used
+                        to represent an uncodable or illegible character
+  180    b4      �     long verticle double-headed arrow (a reference mark)
+  181    b5      �     <hand/ = (the typographer's "fist")
+                        Appearing as a "pointing hand" character
+                       (for explanatory notes)
+  182    b6      �    bold accent in headwords
+                       replaced in full ASCII version by double quote = "
+  183    b7      �     light accent in headwords
+                       replaced within headwords in the full ASCII version
+                       by an open-single-quote (` = ASCII 96, not the same
+                       as 191, \'bf).   This mark is used also
+                       for minutes of a degree, and for "prime"
+                       to modify variables in mathematical expressions.
+                         -- two of these in sequence represent seconds
+                        of a degree, or double prime.  The seconds
+                        symbol is also represented by <sec/ (hex a9).
+  184    b8      �     close double quotes (used with 189 [= \'bd], open quote)
+  186    ba      �     verticle double bar - represents the symbol used
+                       in the printed dictionary before a headword to
+                       signify that the word was adopted without
+                       anglicization from a foreign language
+                       but in the full-ASCII version this function
+                        uses \'d8 -- see 216
+  188    bc      �     <sect/ section mark
+                       - alternate to 21 (a control character)
+  189    bd      �     open double quotes (used with 184, close quote)
+  190    be      �     <amac/ a macron
+  191    bf      �     <lsquo/ "left single quote"
+                        single open quote mark (not same as ASCII 96)
+  192    c0      �     <nsm/ "n sub-macron", an n with a macron below --
+                        represents the "ng" sound in pronunciations
+  193    c1      �     <sharp/ sharp - music notation
+  194    c2      �     <flat/  flat  - music notation
+  195    c3      �     long dash, one pixel removed from left
+                       will fuse with left long dash, char 208
+  196    c4      �     graphic horizontal line
+  195+208        ��     combination for a very long dash.  In the
+                        original typing, the dash char 208 was used
+                        for both non-breaking hyphen (in hyphenated
+                        words), and for the em-dash used as an
+                        introductory mark for various segments.
+                        The em-dash should be distinguished from
+                        the hyphen, but that conversion hasn't yet
+                        been done.
+                         In the full ASCII version, a double hypen
+                        "--" represent the m-dash
+  197    c5      �     <th/ (part 1) first of a pair of characters
+     197+231 = ��        used to represent the th ligature --
+                         <th/ represents the "th" sound of "mother"
+                       see 231 (e7) for part 2
+  198    c6      �     <imac/ = i macron
+  199    c7      �     <emac/ = e macron
+  200    c8      �     <dsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil d with dot underneath
+  201    c9      �     <nsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil n with dot underneath
+  202    ca      �     <tsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil t with dot underneath
+  203    cb      �     <ecr/ = e with crescent (breve) above.  Used
+                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation
+  204    cc      �     <icr/ = i with crescent (breve) above - used
+                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation
+  206    ce      �     <ocr/ = o with crescent (breve) above - used
+                        - in some etymologies and pronunciation
+  207    cf      �     short dash, used in hyphenated words, and in
+                         breaking syllables where no accent is used. But
+                         sometimes the typists used the normal hyphen [45],
+                         or the long dash (decimal 208) for that purpose.
+                         The normal hyphen is the same length as the long
+                         dash, but one pixel higher in the character box.
+                         # In headwords, in the full ASCII version, this
+                         short dash is represented by the asterisk "*".
+  208    d0      �     <mdash/ = represents the long dash, used for the em 
+                         dash which often precedes certain sections within a
+                         definition, and which separates some sections,
+                         such as wordforms or collocations within a
+                         collocation segment.  This is replaced in the
+                         full ASCII version by a double hyphen, "--".
+  210    d2      �     <oe/ = "oe" fused ligature
+  211    d3      �     <omac/ = o macron
+  212    d4      �     <umac/ = u macron
+  213    d5      �     <ocar/ o with caron (hacek) (inverted circumflex) above
+  214    d6      �     <aemac/ = "ae" ligature with a macron
+  215    d7      �     <oemac/ = "oe" ligature with a macron
+  216    d8      �     <par/ double vertical bar (short length; the long
+                       length is the graphics character 186)
+                       This precedes words marked with a double vertical bar in
+                       the original dictionary, signifying that the word was
+                       adopted directly into English without modification of
+                       the spelling.
+  220    dc      �     <ucr/ = u with crescent above - used in some etymologies
+  221    dd      �     <acr/ = a with crescent above - used in some etymologies
+  222    de      �     <cre/ = "crescent", an upward-curving crescent
+                        used as a poetic meter mark
+  223    df      �     <ymac/ = y macron (used in Anglo-Saxon?) 
+  229    e5      �     <adot/ = a with a dot above (for pronunciations)
+  231    e7      �     <th/ (part 2) second of a two-character combination
+     197+231 = ��        used to represent the th ligature in pronunciations
+                         <th/ represents the "th" sound of "mother"
+  235    eb      �     <edh/ = Old English and Icelandic "edh", (or "eth")
+                        like a Greek delta with a hatch mark
+                        through the ascender. Used to represent the
+                        Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,
+                        in etymologies, pronounced like "th"
+  237    ed      �     <thorn/ "thorn", an Old English and Icelandic
+                        character, appears like a "p" with an extended
+                        ascender.
+                        Used to represent the
+                        Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,
+                        in etymologies, pronounced like "th"
+                        in "thorn" and also as in "brother"
+  238    ee      �     <atil/ a with tilde above - in some etymologies
+  244    f4      �     <yogh/ like a script "3" or "z". Used in Old English
+                       etymologies, analogous to "y"
+  247    f7      �     double tilde ("approximately equals").
+                       used by typists as a place-holder in word
+                         combinations where the capitalized headword
+                         should be.
+  248    f8      �     <deg/ degrees (temperature or angle).  Note: some
+                          typists used a superscript "o" to signify
+                          degrees.  This must be corrected!
+  249    f9      �     middle dot (bold)
+  250    fa      �     middle dot (light)
+  251    fb      �     <root/ "root" sign used in etymologies, as in original
+  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+======================================
+   Greek transcription
+=====================================
+Greek letters are represented:
+   (capitals represent capital letters; lower-case represent lower-case)
+   #Note that "h" in transliterations is used individually, as eta, and
+   also in the combination "ch" (chi).  Conversions to other codings
+   must first convert "ch" before converting "h", or at least verify
+   that an "h" to be converted has no preceding "c".  "c" is not
+   otherwise used, so there is no ambiguity.  Also, "ps" always
+   represents a psi; it could in theory occur as a pi-sigma
+   combination, but it doesn't.  Occasionally, "th" was entered instead
+   of "q" to represent theta; these should be checked to verify that
+   they do not represent tau-eta, and converted to "q".
+
+(1) characters individually:
+  By the short-form notation <alpha/, <beta/, <gamma/, <lambda/ etc.
+  Capitalized letters are <ALPHA/, etc.
+(2) in words:
+ By inclusion within the markers <grk></grk>, using the following
+  roman-letter equivalents for the Greek letters:
+   Accents:
+     (a) aspirants -- used in front of the letter modified, which is
+usually in *front* of words beginning in vowels.  Of two types:
+     ' (apostrophe) for the left-curving apirant (spiritus lenis)
+     " (double quote) for the right-curving aspirant (spiritus asper)
+       (when the aspirant is on a letter inside a word, it is placed
+          in front of the letter it modifies.)
+      (the left-curving aspirant is also used over rho, which is
+        then usually transliterated "rh".  The " in such cases is
+        placed in front of the r (for rho) which it modifies).
+     (b) normal accent (appearing as an acute accent in the original):
+          `  (left open quote, ASCII ) -- placed after accented vowel
+     (b) grave accent (appearing as an grave accent in the original):
+          ~  (tilde, ASCII ) -- placed after accented vowel.  This is
+          rarely seen, as in <grk>to~ pa^n</grk> at "universe" or
+          <grk>ta~ gewrgika`</grk> (at "Georgic").
+     (c) curving accent (appearing as a rounded circumflex):
+          ^  (circumflex) -- placed after accented vowel
+     (d) "iota" subscript (ogonek)-- a comma placed after the vowel
+               having the subscript
+     (e) diaeresis:
+         the double dot found occasionally over the iota is
+         represented by a colon immediately after the iota,
+         as the i-diaeresis in <grk>Farisai:ko`s</grk> (at "pharisaic").
+
+     Where a letter has two accents, both are placed *after* the vowel
+     Letters with an aspirant and an accent have the
+         aspirant before the letter, and the accent after it.
+     ------------------------
+
+
+The capitalized Greek letters are represented by the capitalized
+   versions of the letters shown here.
+-----------------------------------------
+  Greek letter    transliteration
+  ------------    ---------------
+    alpha           a
+    beta            b
+    gamma           g
+    delta           d
+    epsilon         e
+    zeta            z
+    eta             h
+    theta           q  (th was used in some earier sections, but was
+                         changed due to potential confusion with the
+                         tau+eta combination, as in <grk>lyth`rios</grk>
+                         (at "lyterian")  or  <grk>poihth`s</grk>
+                         (at "maker") )
+    iota            i
+    kappa           k
+    lambda          l
+    mu              m
+    nu              n
+    xi              x
+    omicron         o
+    pi              p
+    rho             r
+    sigma           s   (end form not distinguished here from middle
+                         form within words, but when isolated, use <sigmat/
+                         ("terminal sigma") for the end form)
+    tau             t
+    upsilon         y    (Used for both "u" and "y" pronunciations)
+    phi             f
+    chi             ch  (c is always followed by h, so the h component
+                            is not confusable with eta)
+    psi             ps  (theoretically confusable with pi-sigma, but that
+                            combination seems never to occur)
+    omega           w
+
+ (Roman j, v, u are unused)
+